Mader 43 Vocabulary

Front 1

bacterial vaginosis

Back 1

Sexually transmitted disease caused by Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus spp., Mycoplasma hominis, and various anaerobic bacteria. Although a mild disease, it is a risk factor for obstetric infections and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Front 2

cervix

Back 2

Narrow end of the uterus, which leads into the vagina.

Front 3

contraceptive vaccine

Back 3

Under development, this birth control method immunizes against the hormone HCG, crucial to maintaining implantation of the embryo.

Front 4

copulation

Back 4

Sexual union between a male and a female.

Front 5

corpus luteum

Back 5

Follicle that has released an egg and increases its secretion of progesterone.

Front 6

endometriosis

Back 6

Presence of uterine tissue outside the utereus, which can contribute to infertility; possibly the result of irregular menstrual flow.

Front 7

endometrium

Back 7

Mucous membrane lining the interior surface of the uterus.

Front 8

estrogen

Back 8

Female sex hormone that helps maintain sexual organs and secondary sex characteristics.

Front 9

extraembryonic membrane

Back 9

Membrane that is not a part of the embryo but is necessary to the continued existence and health of the embryo.

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follicle

Back 10

Structure in the ovary of animals that contains an oocyte; site of oocyte production.

Front 11

follicular phase

Back 11

First half of the ovarian cycle, during which the follicle matures and much estrogen (and some progesterone) is produced.

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gamete

Back 12

Haploid sex cell; e.g., egg and sperm.

Front 13

gonad

Back 13

Organ that produces gametes; the ovary produces eggs, and the testis produces sperm.

Front 14

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

Back 14

Gonadotropic hormone produced by the chorion that functions to maintain the uterine lining.

Front 15

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Back 15

Virus responsible for AIDS

Front 16

infertility

Back 16

Inability to have as many children as desired.

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lactation

Back 17

Secretion of milk by mammary glands, usually for the nourishment of an infant.

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larva

Back 18

Immature form in the life cycle of some animals; it sometimes undergoes metamorphosis to become the adult form.

Front 19

luteal phase

Back 19

Second half of the ovarian cycle, during which the corpus luteum develops and much progesterone (and some estrogen) is produced.

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menarche

Back 20

Onset of menstruation

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menopause

Back 21

Termination of the ovarian and uterine cycles in older women.

Front 22

menstruation

Back 22

Periodic shedding of tissue and blood from the inner lining of the uterus in primates.

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metamorphosis

Back 23

Change in shape and form that some animals, such as insects, undergo during development.

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oocyte

Back 24

Immature egg that is undergiong meiosis; upon completion of meiosis, the oocyte becomes an egg.

Front 25

orgasm

Back 25

Physiological and psychological sensations that occur at the climax of sexual stimulation.

Front 26

ovarian cycle

Back 26

Monthly changes occurring in the ovary that determine the level of sex hormones in the blood.

Front 27

ovary

Back 27

In flowering plants, the enlarged, ovule-bearing portion of the carpel that develops into a fruit; female gonad in animals that produces an egg and female sex hormones.

Front 28

ovulation

Back 28

Bursting of a follicle when a secondary oocyte is released from the ovary; if fertilization ocurs, the secondary oocyte becomes an egg.

Front 29

ovum

Back 29

Haploid egg cell that is usualy fertilized by a sperm to form a diploid zygote.

Front 30

parthenogenesis

Back 30

Development of an egg cell into a whole organism without fertilization.

Front 31

penis

Back 31

Male copulatory organ; in humans, the male organ of sexual intercourse.

Front 32

placenta

Back 32

Organ formed during the development of placental mammals from the chorion and the uterine wall; allows the embryo, and then the fetus, to acquire nutrients and rid itself of wastes; produces hormones that regulate pregnancy.

Front 33

progesterone

Back 33

Female sex hormone that helps maintain sexual organs and secondary sex characteristics.

Front 34

puberty

Back 34

Period of life when secondary sex changes occur in humans; marked by the onset of menses in females and sperm production in males.

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secondary sex characteristic

Back 35

Trait that is sometimes helpful but not absolutely necessary for reproduction and is maintained by the sex hormones in males and females.

Front 36

semen (seminal fluid)

Back 36

Thick, whitish fluid consisting of sperm and secretions from several glands of the male reproductive tract.

Front 37

seminiferous tubule

Back 37

Long, coiled structure contained within chambers of the testis where sperm are produced.

Front 38

sperm

Back 38

Male gamete having a haploid number of chromosomes and the ability to fertilize an egg, the female gamete.

Front 39

testes

Back 39

Male gonad that produces sperm and the male sex hormones.

Front 40

testosterone

Back 40

Male sex hormone that helps maintain sexual organs and secondary sex characteristics.

Front 41

trichomoniasis

Back 41

Sexually transmitted disease caused by the parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis.

Front 42

uterine cycle

Back 42

Cycle that runs concurrently with the ovarian cycle; it prepares the uterus to receive a developing zygote.

Front 43

uterus

Back 43

In mammals, expanded portion of the female reproductive tract through which eggs pass to the environment or in which an embryo develops and is nourished before birth.

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viviparous

Back 44

Animal that gives birth after partial development of offspring within mother.

Front 45

yolk

Back 45

Dense nutrient material in the egg of a bird or reptile.