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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Clumping of red blood cells due to a reaction between antigens on red blood cell plasma membranes and antibodies in the plasma.
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agglutination
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Foreign substace capable of stimulating an allergic response
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allergen
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Immune response to substances that usually are not recognized as foreign.
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allergy
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Severe systemic form of anaphylaxis involving bronchiolar constriction, impaired breathing, vasodilation, and a rapid drop in blood pressure with a threat of circulatory failure.
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analphylactic shock
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Specific mechanism of defense in which plasma cells derived from B cells produce antibodies that combine with antigens
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antibody-mediated immunity
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Cell that displays the antigen to certain cells of the immune system so they can defend the body against that particular antigen.
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antigen-presenting cell (APC)
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Receptor proteins in the plasma membrane of immune system cells whose shape allows them to combine with a specific antigen.
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antigen receptor
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Programmed cell death involving a cascade of specific cellular events leading to death and destruction of the cell.
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apoptosis
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Condition in which bronchioles constrict and cause difficulty in breathing.
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asthma
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Disease that results when the immune system mistakenly attacke the body's own tissues.
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autoimmune disease
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Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and, when stimulated by the presence of a specific antigen, gives rist ot antbody-producing plasma cells.
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B lymphocyte (B cell)
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Specific mechanism of defense in which T cells destroy antigen-bearing cells.
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cell-mediated immunity
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Slow, progressing inflammation of connective tissue, usually causes permanent tissue damage.
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chronic inflammation
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States that the antigen selects which lymphocyte will undergo clonal expansion and produce more lymphocytes bearing the same type of receptor.
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clonal selection theory
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Collective name for a series of enzymes and activators in the blood, some of which may bind to antibody and may lead to rupture of a foreign cell.
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complement
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Type of protein secreted by a T lymphocyte that attacks viruses, virally infected cells, and cancer cells.
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cytokine
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T lymphocyte that attacks and kills antigen-bearing cells.
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cytotoxic T cell
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Allergic response initiated at the site of the allergen by sensitized T cells, involving macrophages and regulated by cytokines.
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delayed allergic response
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Antigen-presenting cells of the epidermis and mucous membranes.
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dendritic cell
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Swelling due to tissue fluid accumulation in the intercellular spaces.
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edema
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Seasonal variety of allergic reaction to a specific allergen. Characterized by sudden attacks of sneezing, swelling of nasal mucosa, and often asthmatic symptoms.
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hay fever
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Secretes lymphokines, which stimulate all kinds of immune cells
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helper T cell
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Substance, produced by basophils in blood and mast cells in connective tissue, that causes capillaries to dilate.
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histamine
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Allergic response that occurs within seconds of contact with an allergen; caused by the attachment of the allergen to IgE antibodies.
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immediate allergic response
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Ability of the body to protect itself from foreign substances and cells, including disease-causing agents.
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immunity
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Strategy for achieving immunity to the effects of specific disease-causing agents.
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immunization
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Globular plasma protein that functions as an antibody.
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immunoglobulin (Ig)
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Tissue response to injury that is characterized by redness, swelling, pain, and heat.
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inflammatory response
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Antiviral agent produced by an infected cell that blocks the infection of another cell.
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interferon
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Cytokine produced by macrophages and T lymphocytes that functions as a metabolic regulator of the immune reponse.
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interleukin
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Fluid, derived from tissue fluid, that is carried in lymphatic vessels.
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lymph
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Organ system consisting of lymphatic vessels and lymphoid organs; transports lymph and lipids, and aids the immune system.
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lymphatic system
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Vessels that carries lymph
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lymphatic vessel
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Mass of lymphoid tissue located along the course of a lymphatic vessel.
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lymph node
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Organ other than a lymphatic vessel that is part of the lymphatic system; the lymphoid organs are the lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus gland, and bone marrow.
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lymphatic (lymphoid) organ
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In vertebrates, large phagocytic cell derived from a monocyte that ingests microbes and debris.
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macrophage
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Connective tissue cell that releases histamine in allergic reactions.
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mast cell
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Group of complement proteins that form channels in microbe surface and destroy microbes.
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membrane attack complex
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Forms during a primary immune response but enters a resting phase until a secondary immune response occurs.
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memory B cell
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One of many antibodies produced by a clone of hybridoma cells that all bind to the same antigen.
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monoclonal antibody
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Lymphocyte that causes an infected or cancerous cell to burst.
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natural killer (NK) cell
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Disease-causing agent such as viruses, parasitic bacteria, fungi, and animals.
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pathogen
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Lymphatic organs located in small intestine.
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Payer's patches
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Mature B cell that mass-produces antibodies.
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plasma cell
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Vascularized, modified connective tissue that is sometimes found in the cavities of spongy bone; site of blood cell formation.
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red bone marrow
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Large, glandular organ located in the upper left region of the abdomen; stores and purifies blood.
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spleen
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Lymphocyte that matures in the thyumus and exists in four varieties, one of which kills antigen-bearing cells outright.
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T lymphocyte (T cell)
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Lymphoid organ involved in the development and functioning of the immune system; lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland.
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thymus gland
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Partially encapsulated lymph nodules located in the pharynx.
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tonsils
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Antigens prepared in such a way that they can promote active immunity without causing disease.
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vaccine
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Small, tubular appendage that extends outward from the cecum of the large intestine.
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vermiform appendix
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