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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RENAL ANATOMY
- The renal medulla is composed of? x2 |
- Renal Pyramid
- Renal Columns |
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SURFACE ANATOMY
- which kidney is usually inferior to the other? - where is this displacement seen? |
- Right kidney is lower than left
- T12 to L3 |
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SURFACE ANATOMY
- what is the relationship of the kidneys to the peritoneum? |
- Retroperitoneal
(lies on the posterior abdominal wall) |
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RENAL FASCIA
- Perirenal fat is between what 2 things? |
- Renal Fascia
- Renal Capsule |
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RENAL FASCIA
- Pararenal fat is between what 2 things? |
- Renal Fascia
- Posterior Abdominal wall |
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RENAL FASCIA
- Renal Fascia holds what in place? |
- Kidney
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RENAL FASCIA
- Kidney slightly displaces during x2 |
- Respiration
- Change from Erect to Supine position |
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RENAL FASCIA
- Surgical procedure for kidney transplants affect renal fascia how? - Thus transplants are difficult to fix in place where? - Instead, they are inserted into where? |
- Does NOT preserve renal fascia
- Lumbar region - Iliac fossa of greater pelvis |
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RENAL FASCIA
- Renal Fascia determines the path of? x2 - above will or will not spread to contralateral side? - why or why not? |
- Perinephritic abscess
- Hemorrhage - usually will NOT spread contralaterally - b/c Fascia at Renal Hilum attaches to blood vessels |
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RENAL FASCIA
- Perinephritic abscess or hemorrhage are likely to spread? x2 |
- Pelvis
- btw Anterior & Posterior layers of renal fascia |
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L1 level
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L1 level
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L1 - L2 level
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L1 - L2 level
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L3 level
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L3 level
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L1 level
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L1 level
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L1 - L2 level
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L1 - L2 level
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L3 level
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L3 level
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SUPRARENAL GLANDS
- shape of right suprarenal gland - shape of left suprarenal gland |
- Triangle
- Semi-lunar |
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SUPRARENAL GLANDS
- Right suprarenal gland is in contact with what Medially? - what about Laterally? |
- IVC
- Posterior side of Liver |
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SUPRARENAL GLANDS
- Left suprarenal gland is in contact with what 4 things? |
- Spleen
- Stomach - Pancreas - Left crus of Diaphragm |
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SUPRARENAL GLANDS
- embedded in? - enclosed by? - separated from kidney by? |
- fat
- renal fascia - fibrous tissue |
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SUPRARENAL GLANDS
- the renal fascia encloses the suprarenal glands by which they are attached to what? |
- diaphragm
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SUPRARENAL GLANDS
- what are sometimes found around the main suprarenal glands? |
- small accessory suprarenal glands
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SUPRARENAL GLANDS
- what are the 2 components of suprarenal glands? |
- Cortex
- Medulla |
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SUPRARENAL GLANDS
- Suprarenal Cortex from what origin? - Suprarenal Cortex secretes what? x2 |
- Mesoderm
- Corticosteroids - Androgens |
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SUPRARENAL GLANDS
- Suprarenal Medulla from what origin? - Suprarenal Medulla secretes what? x2 |
- Neural crest
- EPI - NE |
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URETERS
- what are the 2 portions of the ureters called? |
- abdominal portion
- pelvic portion |
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URETERS
- Pelvic portion of the ureters begins where? |
- where Ureters cross the Bifurcation of the Common Iliac artery
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URETERS
- Abdominal portion of the ureters runs how? - along what surface? |
- Retroperitoneally
- Surface of the Psoas Major |
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URETERS
- Abdominal portion of the ureters is crossed by what arteries and how? |
- crossed ANTERIORLY
by Gonadal arteries |
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URETERS
- Ureters are Narrower at what 3 places? |
- Origin
- Point where they cross Pelvic brim - Passage thru wall of bladder |
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URETERS
- what is the Clinical significance of the 3 places where the ureter becomes narrower? |
- Kidney stones are more likely to be blocked at these sites
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URETERS
- Ureters run on the Lateral Wall of? - and will curve how? - to enter what? |
- Pelvis
- Anteromedially - Bladder |
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URETERS
- describe the positional Entry of the Ureter into the bladder |
- Oblique entry
into - Postero-superior angle of bladder |
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URETERS
- what type of structure is seen at the point of ureter entry into the bladder? - what is the function of the above structure |
- Flap valve (muscular)
- Bladder contraction acts as a SPHINCTER (involuntary) to prevent urine from flowing backwards into ureters |
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URETERS
- Care must be taken to preserve ureters when performing what surgery? |
- Hysterectomy
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URETERS
- what is the relationship of the Uterine artery to the ureters? |
- Ureters run INFERIOR to the Uterine arteries
"water underneath the bridge" |
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URINARY BLADDER
- what is the rough shape of the urinary bladder? - the apex points towards what? |
- Pyramid shape
- Pubic symphysis |
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URINARY BLADDER
- the empty bladder is found where? - as it fills, it ascends into? - sometimes as high as the? |
- Lesser pelvis
- Greater pelvis - Umbilicus |
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URINARY BLADDER
- how many orifices does it have and what are they? |
- 3
- Ureter orifice x2 - Urethral orifice x1 |
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URINARY BLADDER
T/F : the urinary bladder is a Retroperitoneal organ. |
True
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URINARY BLADDER
- what are the 3 folds associated with the bladder? |
- Median Umbilical fold
- Medial Umbilical fold - Lateral Umbilical fold |
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URINARY BLADDER
- the Median umbilical fold contains? |
- Obliterated Urachus
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URINARY BLADDER
- the Medial umbilical fold contains? |
- Obliterated Umbilical artery
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URINARY BLADDER
- the Lateral Umbilical fold contains? |
- Inferior Epigastric arteries & veins
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URINARY BLADDER
- what structure is uniquely lateral to the bladder for males? - for females? |
- Spermatic cord
- Round ligament of uterus |
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URINARY BLADDER
- what pouch is seen with males? - what pouches is seen with females? x2 |
- Rectovesical pouch
- Rectouterine pouch - Vesicouterine pouch |
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A = Rectovesical pouch
B = Spermatic cord |
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A = Rectouterine pouch
B = Uterus C = Round Ligament of uterus D = Vesicouterine pouch |
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URINARY BLADDER
- what bladder ligament is unique to males? - to females? - the above ligaments both attach what to what? |
- Males: Puboprostatic ligament
- Females: Pubovesical ligament - Neck of bladder to Pubic Symphysis |