Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Terminal half-life of THC
|
Varies from 1-4 days
|
|
Elimination of THC from systems for non-chronic users.
|
Up to 5 weeks
|
|
Elimination of THC from system for chronic users.
|
Up to 80 days
|
|
List the four endogenous cannabinoids.
|
1. Anandamide (AEA)
2. 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) 3. 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol ether 4. Virodhamine |
|
Most endogenous cannabinoids are what kind of receptor affector?
|
Agonists
|
|
Endocannabinoids as Neuromodulators acting as a negative or reverse feedback signaling molecule:
- triggering stimulus? - does what to what receptor? - results? x2 |
Increase in postsynaptic neuronal Calcium levels
Activates presynaptic CB1 receptors Inhibition of calcium channels Decrease in NT release |
|
List brain regions with HIGH abundancy of receptors. x5
|
1. Cerebellum
2. Basal Ganglia 3. Cerebral Cortex 4. Hippocampus 5. Nucleus accumbens |
|
Discuss the receptor levels of cannabinoids in the amygdala and hypothalamus.
|
Both intermediate levels
|
|
Discuss the receptor levels of cannabinoids in the thalamus.
|
Low levels.
|
|
Both CB1 and CB2 receptors
- coupled though what proteins? - Negatively coupled to? - Positively couple to? |
Gi/o proteins
Adenylate cyclase MAP kinase |
|
CB1 receptors are coupled with Gi/o proteins to what?
|
Ion channels
|
|
CB1 receptors act through Gs proteins to do what?
|
Activate adenylate cyclase
|
|
CB1 receptors are usually found where? and what do they do?
|
Nerve terminals
Modulate NT |
|
Non-CNS effects of MJ:
- Heart rate - BP - Respiratory - Male endocrine - Female endocrine |
Tachycardia
Orthostatic Hypotension Bronchodilation Decreased testosterone, testicular weight, spermatogenesis Decreased LH, FSH, prolactin, growth hormone, and ACTH |
|
Our immune system has what type of cannabinoid receptor?
|
CB2
|
|
Tolerance is based on what activity?
|
Adenylyl cyclase activity
|
|
Therapeutic uses for MJ. x4
|
Multiple Sclerosis
Analgesia Weight control Emesis and nausea |
|
Up and cumming uses of MJ. x2
|
Neuroprotection
Autoimmune diseases |
|
What is the main reason why antiemetic use of MJ is often unused?
|
Immunosuppressive effects via CB2
|
|
What is the pathway involved in the use of MJ for food intake?
|
Mesolimbic reward pathway.
|
|
Traditional hallucinogens (psychedelics)
- character x2 - examples x3 - what does it NOT do? |
Perceptual distortion
Introspection LSD Mescaline Psilocybin Memory problems Psychosis |
|
Entactogen
- character x2 - example |
Hallucinogen
Stimulant MDMA (ecstasy) |
|
Dissociative Agents
- examples x2 |
Ketamine
PCP |
|
LSD
- Mechanism - Physical effects x7 - Duration of effects - Overdose potential? - Tolerance potential? |
5-HT postsynaptic agonist
Hypertension Hyperthermia Tachycardia Mydriasis Dry Mouth Appetite loss Tremors 8-12 hours Low to NO overdose potential Rapid tolerance build up |
|
LSD Treatment:
- For acute bad trips - For persistent adverse reaction |
Benzodiazepines & Barbituates
Neuroleptics |
|
Mescaline (Peyote):
- mechanism x2 - physiological effects - psychic effects - adverse effects x2 |
Serotonin agonist
Dopamine agonist Sympathomimetic Similar, but milder than LSD Paranoia and fear |
|
Psilocybin:
- what is it? - mechanism - physiological effects - psychic effects - adverse effects x3 |
Active ingredient in mushrooms
Serotonin agonist Sympathomimetic Similar, but milder than LSD Flashbacks Agitation Panic Attacks |
|
MDMA (ecstasy):
- mechanism - physiological effects x2 - psychic effects x2 - physical effects - adverse effects x4 - chronic effects x3 |
Increases (mainly) serotonin, dopamine and NE release
Energizing Sympathomimetic Distortions in time & space Enhanced enjoyment from tactile experiences Hyperthermia Sleep problems Confusion Anxiety Depression Cognitive impairment Memory impairment Neurotoxicity |
|
Phencyclidine (PCP or Angel dust)
- mechanism x3 - overdose? - psychic effects x4 |
Sigma receptor agonist
NMDA receptor antagonist NE & Dopamine reuptake inhibitor High potential Psychosis Hallucinations Paranoia Disordered thinking |
|
PCP:
- low dosages x3 - high dosages x7 |
Sympathomimetic
Numbness Loss of coordination Low BP Low Pulse Low Respiration Nausea/Vomiting Blurred vision Dizziness Drooling |
|
Give two examples of anticholinergic drugs
|
Scopolamine
Datura (Jimson weed) |
|
What are the symptoms of anticholinergic drugs? x7
|
Mydriasis
Delirium / Hallucination Flushing Hyperthermia Dry mouth/skin Ileus / Urinary retention Tachycardia / BP fluctuation |