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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Location of the spleen
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On the right side, behind the stomach
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White pulp of the spleen
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Resembles lymphoid nodules
Removes antigens Initiates immune response |
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Red Pulp of the Spleen
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Contains red blood cells
Recycles damaged/outdated RBC Stores iron from recycled RBCs |
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Phagocytes
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Microphages (neutrophisis, eosophasis)
Macrophages Remove debris and pathogens |
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Pathogen
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Organisms that cause disease
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Lymphatic system characteristics
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Consists of lymphatics
Filled with lymph More permeable at End at lymph-nodes Left duct goes back into veins |
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Functions of lymphatic system
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Produce/maintain/distribute lymphocytes
Maintain blood volume Help eliminate local variations of interstitial fluid concentration |
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Lymphocyte
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type of leucocyte
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3 Classes of lymphocytes
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T Cells
B Cells NK Cells |
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Lymphatic vessels
(lymphatics) |
Has lymph instead of blood
Begin as lymphatic capillaries in the tissue Empties into venous system at thoracic duct (left) and lymphatic duct (right) |
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T Cells
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Thymus dependent
Cell mediated immunity Attacks foreign and virus infected cells Regulatory T Cells, Helper T Cells, Suppressor T Cells |
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B Cells
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Can become plasma cells
specific to a particular antigen Produces antibodies that react with that antigen Doesn't kill cells Responsible for humoral or antibody mediated immunity Capable of later binding with antigen and then responding to it. |
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NK Cells
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Natural Killer Cells
Immunological surveillance patrols over body Attack cells foreign / virally infected / cancer cells Do not depend on antigen |
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Cytotoxic T Cells
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Kills Cells
Provide cell mediated immunity Attack foreign and virus infected cells |
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Regulatory T Cells
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Help T Cells become activated
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Suppressor T Cells
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Turn off T Cells so body doesn't over react
(positive feedback) |
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Lymphoid Nodules
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Consists of loose connective tissue
Tonsils (3) |
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Tonsils
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Lymphoid nodules
1- pharyngeal 2- palatine 3- lingual |
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Lymphoid Organs
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Lymphnoids all over the body
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Fever
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Above 99 degrees F
Inhibits pathogens Accelerates metabolism Mobilizes defense Accelerates repair |
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Lymph Nodes
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Encapsulated masses of lymphoid tissue containing lymphocytes
Remove antigens Initiate immune response Monitor and filter lymph |
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Thymus
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Motivators of T Cells
Produces Thymosins Behind sternum - below thyroid- above heart on the trachea T Cells divide and mature here Shrinks after puberty |
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Compliment System
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Enhances immune system
Initiates chain reaction (positive feedback) Complex system of proteins Destroys target cell membrane Simulates inflammation Attracts phagocytes Attacks and breaks down cell walls |
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Lymph node structure
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Afferent lymphatic vessels
Capsule Cortex Medulla Germinal Centers Efferent lymphatic vessel Sinuses Lymph node artery and vein |
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Thymosins
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Hormone produced by the thymus
Regulates T Cell development |
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Types of Microphages
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Neutrophils
Eosophils |
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Types of macrophages
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Fixed macrophage
Free macrophage Monocyte |
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Specific Immunity
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Provided by lymphocytes
4 general characteristics 1 - Specificity 2 - Versatility 3 - Memory 4 - Tolerance |
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Specificity
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T & B Cell membrane receptors recognize unique antigen
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Inflammatory Response
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1 - Blood flow increased
2 - Phagocytes activated 3 - Capillary permeability increased 4 - Compliment activated -mast cells released -histamine & heparin - attraction of phagocytes, especially neuropils 5 - Clotting reaction at walls of region 6 - Regional temperature increases 7 - Specific defense activated |
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Acquired immunity - Acquired
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A Specific Defense
Active:Follows exposure to antigen (you came into contact with disease. induced-vaccine Passive |
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Acquired immunity - Passive
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Natural:
from mother - short lived from placenta or breast milk |
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Innate Immunity
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Born with it
Genetically determined No prior exposure |
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Lymphopoeisis
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Production & development of lymphocytes.
-in bone marrow, thymus, peripheral lymphoid tissue |
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Immunoglobulin
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antibody
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Interferons
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Non-specific immune system
Small proteins released by virus infected cells Cytokines that trigger release of antiviral proteins that inhibit virus production Increase resistance of cells to viral infection Slow the spread of disease Released by activated lymphocytes, macrophages, or virus infected cells |
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T Cell Activation
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Antigens processed by macrophages
Fragments form complex with MHC proteins on surface T Cells recognize MHC complex or viral antigens on cell body Activated T Cells differentiate further |
