Lymphatic System And Immunity

Front 1

Which of these statements about the lymphatic system is (are) true? A) In the spleen, reticular cells form a blood-splenic barrier. B) The thymus is an important filter for lymphatic fluid. C) The tonsils are areas of diffuse lymphatic tissue that increase in size with age. D) The spleen filters blood, removing microorganisms and other foreign substances. E) all of these are true

Back 1

The spleen filters blood, removing microorganisms and other foreign substances.

Front 2

The tonsils that are referred to as "the tonsils" are the A) lingual tonsils. B) palatine tonsils. C) pyloric tonsils. D) pharyngeal tonsils. E) splenic tonsils.

Back 2

The tonsils commonly refers to just the palatine tonsils.

Front 3

Which of these is NOT a location for aggregations of lymph nodes? A) axillary (armpit) region B) cervical region C) inguinal (groin) region D) around the heart E) around the intestines

Back 3

Of the choices, only the heart is not a location for aggregation of lymph nodes.

Front 4

Lymph nodes A) contain red and white pulp. B) have germinal centers where lymphocytes divide. C) filter the blood. D) are attached to blood vessels. E) pump lymph toward the heart.

Back 4

Lymph nodes have germinal center where lymphocytes divide.

Front 5

Lymphatic organs A) contain many neutrophils. B) may filter blood or lymph. C) contain dense collagen fibers. D) include the pancreas and adrenal glands. E) all of these

Back 5

Lymphatic organs may filter or lymph.

Front 6

The spleen A) has white pulp that is associated with the venous supply. B) has red pulp that is associated with the arterial supply. C) filters lymph and puts it back in the blood. D) acts as a blood reservoir. E) destroys worn-out lymphocytes.

Back 6

The speel destroys defective erythrocytes, detects and removes foreign substances in the blood.

Front 7

The thymus A) decreases in size in older adults. B) produces neutrophils that move to other tissues. C) responds to foreign substances in the blood. D) produces a hormone called lymphopathin. E) all of these

Back 7

The thymus decreases in size in older adults.

Front 8

With innate immunity

A) each time the body is exposed to a substance, the response is the same. B) specificity and memory are involved. C) the body may become immune to a disease. D) antibodies may be produced. E) all of these

Back 8

With innate immunity each time the body is exposed to a substance the response is the same.

Front 9

Which of the following is a protective chemical that lyses cells, found on the surface of cells and in tears and saliva? A) complement B) interferon C) lysozyme D) mucus E) sebum

Back 9

Lysozyme is the protective chemical that lyses cells and is found on the surface of cells and in tears and saliva.

Front 10

A(n) __________ is a group of 20 proteins activated by a series of reactions, in which one activated chemical then activates another; and promotes inflammation, phagocytosis, and cell lysis.A) complement B) interferon C) lysozyme D) mucus E) sebum

Back 10

Complement is a group of 20 proteins activated by a series of reactions in which one activated chemical then activates another; promotes inflammation, phagocytosis and cell lysis.

Front 11

Which of the following is a protein that interferes with virus production, and is produced by most cells in response to a viral infection? A) complement B) interferon C) lysozyme D) mucus E) sebum

Back 11

Interferons are proteins that are produced by virally infected cells, which provide neighboring cells with a stimulus to produce antiviral proteins and therefore prevent the spread of viral infection.

Front 12

Which of these chemical mediators does NOT promote inflammation? A) complement B) histamines C) leukotrienes D) interferon E) prostaglandins

Back 12

Of the chemical mediators listed, only interferon does not promote inflammation. Interferon is produced by virally infected cells, and functions to interfere with virus production in neighboring cells.

Front 13

The most important phagocytes are A) lymphocytes and basophils. B) basophils and mast cells. C) neutrophils and basophils. D) neutrophils and macrophages. E) macrophages and lymphocytes.

Back 13

The most important phagocytes are the neutrophils and macrophages.

Front 14

Neutrophils

A) seldom leave the blood. B) are usually the last cells to enter infected tissue. C) enlarge to become macrophages. D) often die after a single phagocytic episode. E) all of these

Back 14

Neutrophils often die after a single phagocytic episode.

Front 15

Dust cells, microglia, and Kupffer cells are examples of A) basophils. B) eosinophils. C) lymphocytes. D) macrophages. E) neutrophils.

Back 15

Macrophages

Front 16

Natural killer cells A) are a type of macrophage. B) exhibit no memory response. C) recognize cells infected by a specific virus. D) are produced in the thymus. E) all of these

Back 16

Natural killer cells exhibit no memory response, they are part of innate immunity.

Front 17

Which cells release enzymes that break down chemical mediators released by other cells? A) basophils. B) eosinophils C) lymphocytes D) macrophages E) neutrophils

Back 17

Eosinophils release enzymes that are able to break down chemical mediators released by other cells. The enzymes released by eosinophils can break down the histamine that is released by basopihils and mast cells during an inflammatory response.

Front 18

In addition to the symptoms of local inflammation, systemic inflammation results in the A) production of large numbers of neutrophils from red bone marrow. B) production of pyrogens. C) loss of large amounts of fluid from the blood. D) all of these

Back 18

System inflammation can cause the production of large numbers of neutrophils from red bone marrow, production of pyrogens, and the loss of large amounts of fluid from blood.

Front 19

Which of these results occur in response to the release of chemical mediators? A) vasodilation B) chemotactic attraction of phagocytes C) increased vascular permeability D) redness and swelling E) all of these

Back 19

Vasodilation, chemtactic attraction of phagocytes, increased vascular permeability, and redness and swelling, can all result in response to the release of chemical mediators

Front 20

Substances that stimulate adaptive immunity are called A) antibodies. B) antigens. C) pyrogens. D) chemical mediators. E) phagocytes.

Back 20

Antigens are substances that stimulate adaptive immunity.

Front 21

Which of these is an example of a self-antigen? A) bacterial antigen B) viral antigen C) pollen antigen D) food antigen E) tumor antigen

Back 21

A tumor antigen would be an example of a self-antigen, a molecule produced by the body that stimulates an adaptive immune response.

Front 22

Antibodies

A) prevent antigens from binding together. B) promote phagocytosis. C) inhibit inflammation. D) block complement activation. E) prevent breakdown of foreign antigens.

Back 22

Antibodies function as opsonins, promoting phagocytosis.

Front 23

An antibody molecule

A) has three polypeptide chains. B) has both heavy and light chains. C) has a variable region that can bind to complement. D) has a constant region that binds to antigens. E) is the same thing as an MHC molecule.

Back 23

An antibody molecule is composed of two heavy and two light chains.

Front 24

Which antibody accounts for 80-85% of serum antibodies, can cross the placenta, and is responsible for Rh reactions? A) IgA B) IgD C) IgE D) IgG E) IgM

Back 24

IgG accounts for 80-85% of serum antibodies, can cross the placenta, and is responsible for Rh reactions.

Front 25

T cells

A) are processed in the thymus. B) are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity. C) originate in the spleen. D) produce antibodies when activated.

Back 25

T cells are processed in the thymus

Front 26

The activation of B cells A) occurs in the process of innate immunity. B) results in the production of cytotoxic cells. C) results in the production of antibodies. D) occurs when macrophages release cytokines. E) all of these

Back 26

The activation of B cells results in the production of antibodies.

Front 27

B cells

A) are stimulated by helper T cells. B) are produced in the thymus. C) release cytokines. D) cause cell lysis. E) all of these

Back 27

B cells are stimulated by helper T cells, resulting in the production of antibodies.

Front 28

The activation of T cells can result in

A) lysis of virus-infected cells. B) production of memory T cells. C) production of lymphokines. D) delayed hypersensitivity reactions. E) all of these

Back 28

The activation of T cells can result in the lysis of virus-infected cells, the production of memory T-cells, the production of lymphokines, and delayed hypersensitivity reactions.

Front 29

Given these events that are part of helper T cell activation:1. interleukin-1 released by macrophage (costimulation)2. antigen processed by macrophage3. helper T cell binds to macrophage4. helper T cell releases interleukin-2 and divides5. antigen displayed on MHC moleculeArrange the events in the order that they occur as an antigen is recognized and a helper T cell is activated. A) 1,4,2,5,3 B) 2,5,3,1,4, C) 3,1,4,2,5 D) 4,2,5,3,1 E) 5,3,1,4,2

Back 29

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Front 30

MHC class II molecules A) are found on all cells. B) are found on antigen-presenting cells. C) usually display self-antigens. D) cannot combine with other antigens. E) both a and c

Back 30

MHC Class II molecules are found on antigen-presenting cells, such as B cells, macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells.

Front 31

__________ are responsible for the secondary antibody response. A) Memory B cells B) Plasma B cells C) Helper T cells D) Natural killer cells

Back 31

Memory B cells are responsible for the secondary antibody response. The memory B cells are stimulated to quickly divide, producing plasma cells that then produce a large amount of antibodies, when the immune system is expose to an antigen that it has already produce a primary response to.

Front 32

As the result of a bee sting, Joe B. Hive had an immediate severe reaction, and nearly died. This reaction was caused by A) B cells. B) T cells. C) natural killer cells. D) macrophages. E) neutrophils.

Back 32

the immediate hypersensitivity reaction was caused by antibodies produce by B cells reacting with allergens from the bee sting. They could cause a severe reaction, like anaphylaxis, within minutes.

Front 33

The antigen-presenting cells that are required for the activation of B cells are A) B cells. B) macrophages. C) dendritic cells. D) monocytes. E) mast cells.

Back 33

B cells are the antigen presenting cells that are required fro the activation of B cells. They present processed antigen to helper T cells that then produce interleukins that stimulate B cell to divide and produce antibodies.

Front 34

MHC molecules are

A) cell-surface glycoproteins that display antigens. B) proteins found in the mitochondria of a cell. C) areas of a macrophage that produce interleukin. D) specific regions of a given antigen that activate a lymphocyte. E) chemicals produced by helper T cells.

Back 34

MHC molecules are cell surface glycoproteins that display antigens.

Front 35

Interleukins and CD4, B7, and CD28 proteins are all involved in A) innate immunity. B) costimulation of helper T cells. C) suppressing B cell or T cell activity. D) inflammation. E) production of T cells in the spleen.

Back 35

Interleukins and CD4, B7, and CD28 proteins are all involved in costimulation of helper T-cells.

Front 36

B cells are involved in A) only adaptive immunity. B) only innate immunity. C) both adaptive and innate immunity.

Back 36

B cells are involved in only adaptive immunity

Front 37

Neutrophils are involved in

A) only adaptive immunity. B) only innate immunity. C) both adaptive and innate immunity.

Back 37

Neutrophils are involved in only innate immunity

Front 38

Complement is involved in

A) only adaptive immunity. B) only innate immunity. C) both adaptive and innate immunity

Back 38

Complement is involved in both adaptive and innate immunity.

Front 39

A vaccination is a way of acquiring

A) passive natural immunity. B) active natural immunity. C) active artificial immunity. D) passive artificial immunity.

Back 39

A vaccination is a way of acquiring active artificial immunity, where an antigen is deliberately introduced into an individual to stimulate the immune system.

Front 40

Antiserum is used to produce A) active natural immunity. B) active artificial immunity. C) passive natural immunity. D) passive artificial immunity.

Back 40

Antiserum is used to produce passive artificial immunity. The antiserum consists of prepared antibodies that are injected into an individual needing immunity.