Lymphatic And Immune System

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acquired immunity

Back 1

production of anitbodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen

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adenoids

Back 2

mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

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antibody

Back 3

protein produced by B cell lymphocytes to destroy anitgens

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axillary nodes

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lymph nodes in the armpit (underarm)

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B cell (B lymphocyte)

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Lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and transforms into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies.

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cervical nodes

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lymph nodes in the neck region

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complement system

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proteins in the blood that help antibodies and T cells kill their target

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cytokines

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proteins that aid and regulate the immune response. Examplesw are interferons and interleukins

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cytotoxic T cell

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T lymphocyte that directly kills foreign cells (Cd8+ cell or T8 Cell)

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dendrite cell

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specialized macrophage that digests foreign cells and helps B and T cells to mark antigens for destruction

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helper T cell

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lymphocyte that aids B cells and cytotoxic T cells in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production; also called CD4+ cell or T4 cell

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immunity

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body's ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins. this includes natural immunity and acquired immunity

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immunoglobulins

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antibodies (gamma globulins) that are secreted by plasma cells in response to presence of an antigen

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immunotherapy

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use of immunce cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease

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inguinal nodes

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lymph nodes in the groin region

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interferons

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proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells to aid and regulate the immune response

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interleukins

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proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes

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interstitial fluid

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fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries

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lymph

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thin, water fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body

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lymph capillaries

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tiniest lymphatic vessels

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lymph node

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a collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels

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macrophage

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large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body

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mediastinal nodes

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lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic (chest) cavity

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monoclonal antibody

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antibody procued in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells. it is useful in immunotherapy

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natural immunity

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protection that an individual inherits to fight infection

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plasma cell

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lymphocyte that produces and secretes antibodies. it originates from B lymphocytes

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right lymphatic duct

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large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from the upper right part of the body

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spleen

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organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells

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suppressor T cell

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lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T lymphocytes. Also called a Treg (regulatory T cell)

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T cell (T lymphocyte)

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lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow but matures in the thymus gland; it acts directly on atigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens

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thoracic duct

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large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from below the diaphragm and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm; it empties the lymph into veins in the upper chest

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thymus gland

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organ in the mediastinum that conditions T lymphocytes to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response

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tonsils

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mass of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx

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toxin

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posion; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants

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vaccination

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exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response.

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vaccine

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weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease

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immun/o

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combining form for protection

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autoimmune disease

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means a disease producing antibodies against one's own normal cells

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immunosuppression

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involves an act that reduces the activation or efficacy of the immune system

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lymph/o

Back 40

combining form for lymph

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lymphopoiesis

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formation of lymph

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lymphedema

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swelling of the lymph

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lymphocytopenia

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deficiency of lymph cells

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lymphocytosis

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increased number of lymph cells

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lymphaden/o

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combining form for lymph node (gland)

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lymphadenopathy

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disease condition of the lymph node

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lymphadenitis

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inflammation of a lymph node

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splen/o

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combining form for spleen

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splenomegaly

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enlargement of the spleen

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splenectomy

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removal of the spleen

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asplenia

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absence of normal spleen action

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hypersplenism

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means is an overactive spleen

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thym/o

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combining form for thymus gland

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thymoma

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malignant tumor of the thymus gland

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thymectomy

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removal of the thymus gland

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tox/o

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combining form for poision

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toxic

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means pertaining to the poison

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ana-

Back 58

prefix means again, anew

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anaphylaxis

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this is an exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity (allergy) to previously encountered foreign proteins or other antigens

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-phylaxis

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suffix means protection

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inter-

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prefix means between

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-stitial

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suffix means pertaining to standing or positioned

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lymphoma

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malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissues

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multiple myeloma

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malignant tumor of the bone marrow cells

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allergen

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substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction in the body; a type of antigen

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atopy

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hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition. from the Greek word atopia, which means strangness

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CD4+ cells

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Helper T cells that carry the CD4 protein antigen on their surface.

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hodgkin disease

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malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in spleen and lymph node

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human immunodeficiency virus

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HIV. virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS

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kaposi sarcoma

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malignant lesion associated with AIDS; arises from the lining of capillaries and appears as red, purple, brown, or black skin nodules

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non-hodgkin lymphomas

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group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue

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opportunistic infections

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infectious disease associated with AIDS; they occur because HIV infection lowers the body's resistance and allow infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained

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protease inhibitor

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drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV

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reverse transcriptase inhibitor

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RTI. drug that treats AIDS by blocking reverse transciptase, an ezyme needed to make copies of HIV

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wasting syndrome

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weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity; associated with AIDS

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ELISA

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screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream

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immunoelectrophoresis

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test that separates immunoglobulins

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viral load test

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measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the bloodstream

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lymph vessel
555

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Carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest

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severe combined immunodeficiency disease
558

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Infants born with a deficiency of B cells and T cells, resulting in a lack of immunity

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Western blot
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analytical technique used to detect specific proteins in the given sample of tissue homogenate or extract.

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allergy
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Abnormal hypersensitivity by exposure to an antigen

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lymphoid organs
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Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland