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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The trachea (anatomy)/location/function |
Attached to the larynx and attached to the lungs 4-5 inch tube made of stiffened hyaline cartilage rings to prevent it collapsing conducts air between larynx and primary bronchi |
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The trachea wall contains... |
1) respiratory mucosa 2)submucosa 3)cartilage rings 4)adventitia |
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what is the respiratory mucosa |
a luminal surface (air) |
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submucosa |
connective tissue containing blood vessels glands for watery mucus nerves |
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cartilage rings (function/how they work) |
connected by smooth muscle control the size of the lumen when breathing |
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Adventitia (what it is/ what it does) |
a loose band of fibrous tissue keeps the tracheas place against the chest wall |
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The Bronchi (location, made of) |
connected to the trachea conducts air through primary,secondary and tertiary bronchi into bronchioles |
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How the primary bronchi works |
1) the trachea splits into the left and right primary bronchi which are a few cm long before entering the lung |
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how the secondary bronchi works |
the primary bronchi divides into FIVE secondary bronchi which conduct air into the lungs five lobes |
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how the tertiary bronchi works |
secondary bronchi branch in EIGHTEEN tertiary bronchi which provide BRONCHOPULMONARY SEGMENTS splitting to 10 right and 8 left |
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how many primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi |
2 primary (left and right) 5 secondary 18 tertiary |
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Bronchi walls (made of) |
very similar to trachea wall but contains: less goblet cells a broken ring of smooth muscle fibres to constrict during exhalation platelets of hyaline cartilage are thinner for secondary and tertiary bronchis |
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The bronchioles (function, placement) |
function: conducts are between tertiary bronchi and alveoli placement: the bronchioles are attached to the alveoli surrounded by elastic fibres so the bronchioles can open during breathing providing elastic recoil |
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Bronchiole wall (made of) |
transition from ciliated simple columnar (large bronchiole) to ciliated simple cubodial (small bronchioles) contains: less goblet cells + seromucos glands than bronchi no cartilage has smooth muscle fibres that contract during exhalation |
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The alveoli (placement, size, what separates them, what is a cluster called) |
each bronchiole connects to a alveolar duct from which numerous alveoli are connected each alveoli is 0.2-0.5 mm in diameter separated by: network of capillaries, supportive collagen, elastic fibres each cluster is called an alveolar sac |
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Alveoli cells ( what are the types/ how many of each type) |
type i - 95% type ii- 5% |
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what is type i (made of/ function) |
simple squamous used for a gas exchange site |
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what is type ii (made of/ function) |
cuboidial with microvilli it secretes surfactants made up of complex phospholipids and proteins |
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what does the surfactant secreted by type ii do |
reduces surface tension preventing alveoli collapse |
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Alveolar macrophages (what are they/ what do they do) |
phagocytes they move between alveoli engulfing inhaled dust and debris |
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what are alveoli pores what do they do |
the pores perforate the alveoli wall the pores allow air to pass between alveoli allows for alternate routes of air flow incase alveoli collapse allowing the air to equilibrate to allow maximal gas exchange. |
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The respiratory membrane (what is it/ size/where is it) |
membrane between alveoli and blood about 0.5 um thick no intestinal fluid allows co2 and o2 to diffuse easily |
