Lower Extremity Projections

Front 1

what is the kv range for AP, Lateral, and Oblique Toes projection

Back 1

50+-55 analog

55-60 digital

Front 2

For an AP toe what is the CR angle

Back 2

10-15 degrees toward calcaneus

CR perpendicular to phalanges

at MTP going of digit in question

Front 3

Anatomy included in AP, lateral and oblique toes

Back 3

digits of interest and minimum of the distal half of metatarsals

Front 4

What is the patient position for an AP Oblique of the toes

Back 4

rotate leg and foot 30-40 degrees medially for the first, second, and third digits, and laterally for the fourth and fifth digits

Front 5

what is the CR for and oblique toe projection

Back 5

perpendicular to IR directed to MTP joint in question

Front 6

what is the CR angle for a lateral toe

Back 6

cr perpendicular to IR directed to IP for the first digit and to the proximal interphalangeal joint for the second digit

Front 7

this projection provides profile image of sesamoid bones

Back 7

tangential projection of the toes;sesamoids

Front 8

technique for sesamoids

Back 8

50-55 analog

55-60 digital

Front 9

patient and part position for sesamoid projection

Back 9

patient prone, dorsiflex food so that the plantar surface of the foot forms about a 15-20 degree angle from vertical

Front 10

what is the cr for a tangential projection;sesamoids

Back 10

CR perpendicular to IR directed tangentially to posterior aspect of first MTP joint

Front 11

anatomy demonstrated for sesamoids projection

Back 11

sesamoids, and a minimum of the first three distal metatarsals should be inclued

Front 12

what are the techniques for the AP Lateral and Oblique, and weight bearing projection of the foot

Back 12

60+-5 analog

60-70 digital

Front 13

What is the CR angle for the AP foot

Back 13

angle CR 10 degrees toward heel (posterior), perpendicular, to the base of the third metatarsal

Front 14

on an AP foot projection a high arch requires a _________ angle and a low arch nearer ______ to be perpendicular to metatarsals. For foreign body, CR should be ________ to IR with _____________.

Back 14

greater 15 degree angle

5 degree angle

perpendicular

no CR angle

Front 15

what is the part position and CR for an AP medial rotation oblique projection of foot?

Back 15

rotate foot medially to place plantar surface 30-40 degrees to plane of IR

CR base of third metatarsal

Front 16

The ________________ best demonstrates the space between the first and second uniforms, the navicular also is well visualized, and is rated at 30 degrees

Back 16

optional lateral oblique

Front 17

what is the patient and part position for a lateral foot?

Back 17

flexed knee 45 degrees

dorsiflex foot

plantar surface is perpendicular to IR

Front 18

what is the CR and collimation for a lateral foot

Back 18

Cr perpendicular to IR directed to medial cuniform- or at level of base of third metatarsal, include minimum of 1 inch of distal tib fib

Front 19

AP weight bearing my demonstrate this injury

Back 19

lisfranc joint injury- injury to ligaments of foot, also shows longitudinal arches

Front 20

what is the CR angle for an AP weight bearing projection, and for lateral

Back 20

CR 15 degrees posteriorly to midpoint between feet at level of base metatarsals.

lateral CR horizontal to level of base of third metatarsal

Front 21

what is the technique for a Plantodorsal axial projection or calcaneus

Back 21

70 +- 5 analog

70-75 kv digital

Front 22

what is the patient and part position for a plantodorsal calcaneus projection

Back 22

center and align ankle joint to CR portion of IR being exposed and dorsiflex foot so that plantar is perpedicular

Front 23

what is the CR angle of a plantodorasl calcaneus projection

Back 23

direct CR to base of third metatarsal with an angle of 40 cephalic

Front 24

what is the technique for a lateral mediolateral calcaneus?

Back 24

60+-5 analog

60-70 kv digital

Front 25

what is the CR angle for lateral mediolateral calcaneus

Back 25

CR perpendicular to IR directed to a point one inch inferior to medial malleolus

Front 26

the lateral portion of the ankle joint space should now appear open on this projection

Back 26

AP ankle

Front 27

technique for AP,mortise, lateral,oblique ankle

Back 27

analog 60+-5 kv

digital 60-70 kv

Front 28

what is the patient position and CR angle for AP ankle

Back 28

dorsiflexed with CR perpendicular to IR directed to a point midway between malleoli

Front 29

what anatomy should be included on an AP ankle projection

Back 29

distal one third of tib-fib, lateral and medial malleoli and talus proximal half of metatarsals

Front 30

what is the rotation of the leg for a mortise projection of the ankle

Back 30

15-20 degrees, entire ankle joint should be open

Front 31

AP oblique projection position and CR, what joint space should be open

Back 31

45 degree internal rotation CR directed to midway between malleoli

distal tibiofibular joint space

Front 32

what joint space is open in an lateral ankle projection

Back 32

tibiotalar joint is open

Front 33

what is the CR and position for a lateral ankle projection

Back 33

center to malleoli

Front 34

what are the clinical indications of an ap stress projection of the ankle ( inversion and eversion)

Back 34

pathology involving ankle joint separation secondary to ligament tear or rupture- someone must be present to hold the stress views

Front 35

what is the technique for tib fib projections

Back 35

70 +-5 kv analog

70-80 kv digital

Front 36

patient position and CR of AP and lateral tib fib (leg)

Back 36

both knee joints on film (2 inches) CR perpendicular to IR directed to midpoint of leg

Front 37

to make best ice of the anode hell effect place knee at ________ end of X-ray beam for leg projections

Back 37

cathode

Front 38

technique for knee

Back 38

digital systems 70-85 kv

Front 39

AP knee projection postion and CR angle

Back 39

rotate leg internally 5 degrees

CR perpendicular to IR,directed at half inch distal to apex of patella

a 3-5 degree caudad angle on thin patients

and 3-5 degree cephalic for thick patients

Front 40

AP olique medial/lateral knee position and CR

Back 40

rotate leg 45 degrees

same angle as ap knee

CR to midpoint of knee at level half inch distal to apex of patella

Front 41

Lateral knee position and CR

Back 41

knee flexed 2-30 in true lateral

angle CR 5-7 degrees cephalad

1 inch distal to medial epicondyle

Front 42

for a lateral angle ____ on a short patient with wide pelvis and ___ on male patient with narrow pelvis

Back 42

7-10

5

Front 43

AP weight-bearing bilateral knee position and CR and technique

Back 43

both feet straight ahead

cr perpendicular to IR or same angles as AP knee

directed to midpoint between knee joints at a level half inch below apex of patella

70+-5 analog kv

70-85 digital

Front 44

what is the position and CR angle of a PA Axial weight bearing bilateral knee rosenburg method

Back 44

patient standing faced buckey, knees flexed 45 degrees, CR angled 10 degrees caudad and centered midpoint between knee joints half inch below apex of patella

Front 45

PA axial projection- tunnel view: intercondylar fossa

camp coventry method position and cr angle

Back 45

prone position with flexed knee 40-50 degrees, CR to knee joint, CR angle to knee joint

Front 46

PA axial projection- tunnel view: intercondylar fossa

holblad method position and CR angle

Back 46

patient on all fours or patient on chair leaning forward 20-30 degrees, IR under knee, CR perpendicular to IR and lower leg

Front 47

AP axial projection- tunnel view: intercondylar fossa

beclere method

Back 47

knee is flexed 40-45 degrees

Projection is AP

CR perpendicular to lower leg

half inch distal to apex of patella

Front 48

PA projection Patella position and CR

Back 48

place patient in prone position, 5 degree internal rotation

CR perpendicular to IR in midpatella area

Front 49

Lateral patella position and CR angle

Back 49

true lateral with knee flexed 5-10 degrees, CR perpendicular to IR centered to midfemoropatellar joint

Front 50

Tangential (Axial or Sunrise) Patella

Merchant bilateral method

Back 50

SID-48-72 INCHES

supine position with knees flexed 40 degrees over end of table

place IR against legs 12 inches below knee

CR caudad 30 degrees from horizontal midway between patella

Front 51

inferosuperior projection:patella

Back 51

supine position, 40-45 knee flexion, place IR on edge resting on thigh

CR angle 10-15 degrees from lower legs to be tangential to femora patellar joint

Front 52

hughston method:patella

Back 52

patient prone,flex knee 55 degrees have patient hold foot with sheet. CR 15-20 degrees from long axis of lower leg to mid femoropatellar joint

Front 53

steepest seated variation;patella

Back 53

patient supine knee flexed holding IR at angle of CR

Front 54

what is the technique for a femur?

Back 54

analog 75+-5

digital 75-85

Front 55

AP and Lateral femur position and projection proximal, mid, distal

Back 55

rotate leg internally 5 degrees, femur 15-20 degrees

CR perpendicular to femur and IR, MIDPOINT

Front 56

what is the technique for an AP pelvis

Back 56

80+-5 kv analog

80-85 digital

Front 57

what is the position and CR for an AP pelvis

Back 57

interanally rotate feet and limbs 15-20 degrees

CR perpendicular to IR directed midway between level of ASIS and symphysis pubis, this is approx 2 inches inferior to level of ASIS

Front 58

What anatomy should be demonstated on an AP pelvis

Back 58

pelvic girdle, l5, sacrum, coccyx, femoral heads and neck, greater trochanters

Front 59

what are the clinical indications of a bilateral hip modified cleaves method?

Back 59

non trauma hip, developmental dysplasia of hip DDH, or CHD congential hip dislocation

Front 60

what is the position and CR angle for the bilateral modified cleaves

Back 60

place plantar surface of feet together with knees flexed 90 degrees and a 40-45 degree abduction from vertical

CR perpendicular to IR

to a midpoint 3 inches below ASIS

Front 61

what are the AP outlet projection of pelvis anatomy that should be demonstrated

Back 61

superior and inferior rami of pubis, body and ramus of ischium

Front 62

what is the CR angle for an outlet projection of the pelvis

Back 62

cephalad 20-35 degrees for male

30-45 for female

direct CR to a midline point 1-2 inches distal to the superior border of the sympysis pubis or greater trochanter

Front 63

AP axial inlet projection of the pelvis is used to demonstrate what anatomy

Back 63

pelvic ring

Front 64

what is the CR for the inlet projection

Back 64

caudad at 40 degrees midline point at level of ASIS

Front 65

posterior oblique pelvis of acetabulum CR angle and position

Back 65

patient in 45 posterior oblique with both pelvis and throax 45 degrees from tabletop

CR to femoral neck

Front 66

PA axial oblique projection-Acetabulum teufel method CR angle and body position

Back 66

patient in 40 degree oblique more prone,

CR at femoral head at a 12 degree cephalad angle

Front 67

AP unilateral hip orjection-Hip and proximal femur position and CR angle

Back 67

internally rotate 15-20 degrees

CR to femoral neck

Front 68

Back 68

Rosenberg method

Front 69

Back 69

Camp Coventry method

Front 70

Back 70

Holmblad method

Back 71

Beclere method

Back 72

Inferosuperior method patella

Back 73

Hughston method

Back 74

Settegaste seated and prone

Back 75

Hobbs modification