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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does IT band insert on?
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Gerdy's tubercle
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Muscle with adductor and hamstring components
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Adductor magnus
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What is the fovea?
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Small area in femur where small artery and ligament enter
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What do medial and lateral condyles of femur articulate with?
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tibial plateau
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What does adductor tubercle rest on?
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medial epicondyle
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What is the action of the medial thigh muscles?
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strong adductors of thigh, weak flexors, medial rotators
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Muscles of medial compartment of thigh
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Gracilis
Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus |
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Insertion of gracilis
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pes anserinus
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Insertion of hamstring (ischiocondylar) part of adductor magnus
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adductor tubercle
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Innervation of muscles of medial thigh EXCEPT hamstring part of adductor magnus
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obturator nerve
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Anterior thigh muscles
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Iliopsoas
Pectineus Quadriceps femoris Sartorius |
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Parts of quadriceps femoris
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rectus femoris and vasti medialis, lateralis, and intermedius
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Action of iliopsoas
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chief flexor of thigh
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Action of pectineus
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adducts and flexes thigh
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Actions of quadriceps
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Extend leg
Rectus femoris flexes thigh |
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What does patella lie in?
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quadriceps femoris tendon
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Actions of sartorius
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Flexes thigh and leg
Abducts and laterally rotates thigh Overlies adductor canal |
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What does adductor canal contain?
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femoral vessels and saphenous nerve
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Innervation of anterior thigh compartment EXCEPT psoas and occasionally pectineus
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Femoral nerve
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Innervation of psoas portion of iliopsoas
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lumbar nerves
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Occasional innervation of pectineus
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obturator nerve
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Action and innervation of posterior thigh compartment
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Hamstrings
Extend thigh Sciatic nerve |
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Borders of femoral triangle
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Inguinal ligament, medial border of sartorius, adductor longus
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Contents of femoral triangle from lateral to medial
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femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral canal
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Symptoms of obturator hernia
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Pain in medial side of thigh; weak adduction
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Principle blood supplier to thigh
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deep femoral branch (arises from femoral artery in femoral triangle)
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components of cruciate anastomosis
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inferior gluteal artery (from internal iliac) delivers blood to perforating branches of deep femoral artery through medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries
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ligaments of the hip joint
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pubofemoral, ischiofemoral, iliofemoral
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Primary blood supply to head of femur in children
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Central artery
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Primary blood supply to head of femur in adults
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lateral and medial femoral circumflex vessels
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Coxa valga
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Greater hip angle
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Coxa vara
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Smaller hip angle
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Innervation of external rotators
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branches of sacral nerve plexus
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External rotators
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Piriformis
Superior and inferior gemeli Obturator internus Obturator femoris |
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Origin and insertion of piriformis
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Anterior sacrum --> greater trochanter
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Origin and insertion of superior and inferior gemeli
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Superior and inferior aspect of lesser sciatic notch --> greater trochanter
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Origin and insertion of obturator internus
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medial side of obturator membrane--> greater trochanter
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Origin and insertion of obturator femoris
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ischial tuberosity --> quadrate tubercle
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Origin and insertion of gluteus maximus
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sacrum, ileum (behind posterior gluteal line), sacrotuberous ligament --> iliotibial band, gluteal tuberosity
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Action of gluteus maximus
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extend and laterally rotate at hip
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Innervation of gluteus maximus
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inferior gluteal nerve
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Origin and insertion of gluteus medius
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b/t posterior and anterior gluteal lines --> greater trochanter
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What runs between gluteus medius and minimus and innervates them?
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superior gluteal nerve
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Origin and insertion of gluteus minimus
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b/t anterior and inferior gluteal lines --> greater trochanter
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Origin of hamstrings
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ischial tuberosity
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Origin of short head of biceps femoris
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linea aspera
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Innervation of hamstrings EXCEPT short head of biceps femoris
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tibial part of sciatic nerve
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innervation of short head of biceps femoris
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fibular part of sciatic nerve
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Names of hamstrings
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Semitendinosus
Semimembranous Biceps femoris |
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Insertion of semitendinosus
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pes anserine
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Insertion of semimembranous
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proximal tibia
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Insertion of biceps femoris
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head of fibula
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Roots of tibial and fibular parts of sciatic nerve
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L4-S3
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What comes out of greater sciatic foramen?
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inferior gluteal nerve
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What innervates skin of lower buttock and posterior thigh
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posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and sacral plexus (S1&S2)
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Blood supply to glutei and posterior thigh
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superior and inferior gluteal arteries; perforating branches of deep femoral artery
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Where is pain from hip joint fractures sometimes felt?
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medial knee: L4 distribution (saphenous nerve)
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Borders of popliteal fossa
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Medial: semimembranosus & semitendinosus
Lateral: biceps femoris Inferior: two heads of gastrocnemius |
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Contents of popliteal fossa
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popliteal artery and veins; tibial and common fibular nerves, fat, lymph nodes
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Main blood supply to leg and foot
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popliteal artery
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Course of anterior tibial artery
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Anterior through interosseous membrane to supply anterior compartment, across ankle into dorsum of foot as dorsalis pedis
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Course of posterior tibial artery
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Givess off fibular artery and then descends posterior to interosseus membrane, posterior to medial malleolus and into sole of foot
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What supplies lateral compartment of leg?
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branches of fibular artery
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What accompanies posterior tibial artery?
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tibial nerve
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Innervation of posterior leg
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tibial nerve
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Superficial muscles of posterior leg
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Gastrocnemius
Plantaris Soleus |
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Insertion of superficial muscles of posterior leg
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Posterior calcaneus via common calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
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Action of superficial muscles of posterior leg
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Plantar flex foot
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Origin of gastrocnemius
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Femoral condyles
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Origin of soleus
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tibial, fibula, and intervening ligament
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Deep muscles of posterior leg
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Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior Popliteus |
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Origin and insertion of flexor hallucis longus
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fibula and interosseous membrane --> distal phalanx of great toe
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Origin and insertion of flexor digitorum longus
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tibia and interosseous membrane --> distal phalanges of 4 lateral toes
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Origin and insertion of tibialis posterior
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tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane --> navicular and medial cuneiform bones
Supports arch and inverts foot |
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Origin and insertion of popliteus
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medial, posterior aspect of proximal tibia --> lateral femoral condyle
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Action of popliteus
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unlocks knee from full extension by rotating femur laterally on tibia
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Structures the pass posteriro to medial malleolus and cross anke to enter foot from anterior to posterior
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tibialis posterior tendon
flexor digitorum longus tendon posterior tibial artery and vein tibial nerve flexor hallucis longus tendon |
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Course of great saphenous vein
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dorsal venous arch of foot, anterior to medial malleolus, ascends medial aspect of limb before draining into femoral vein in groin
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What accompanies great saphenous vein?
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saphenous nerve
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What is saphenous nerve a branch of and what does it supply?
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Cutaneous branch of femoral nerve
Supplies medial side of leg and foot |
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Course of small saphenous vein
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Begins behind lateral malleolus and ends by perforating deep fascia in back of knee to end in popliteal vein
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What accompanies small saphenous vein and what does it supply?
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Sural nerve
Skin over posterolateral leg and foot including 5th toe |
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What does patellar ligament insert on?
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tibial tuberosity
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Action of anterior compartment of leg
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dorsiflex ankle
extend toes |
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innervation of anterior compartment of leg
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deep fibular nerve
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Muscles of anterior compartment of leg
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Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis tertius |
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Origin and insertion of tibialis anterior
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proximal tibial and interosseous membran --> medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform bone and base of 1st metatarsal
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action of tibialis anterior
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powerful dorsiflexor
inverter of foot |
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Origin and insertion of extensor hallucis longus
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midportion of fibula and interosseous membrane --> base of distal phalanx of great toe
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action of extensor hallucis longus
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extends great toe
aids dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint |
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origin and insertion of extensor digitorum longus
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midportion of fibula and interosseous membrane --> bases of middle and distal phalanges of 4 lateral toes through extensor hood mechanism
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action of extensor digitorum longus
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extends phalanges
helps dorsiflex foot |
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origin and insertion of fibularis tertius
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fibula and interosseous membrane --> shaft of 5th metatarsal
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Muscles of lateral compartment of leg
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Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis |
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Origin, insertion and action of fibularis longus
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Upper 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula then beneath fibular retinacula posterior to lateral malleolus, deep to plantar aspect of foot to insert onto inferior surface of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
Everts foot |
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Origin and insertion of fibularis brevis
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Distal 2/3 of fibula deep to fibularis longus. Passes behind lateral malleolus just anterior to fibularis longus to insert on base of 5th metatarsal
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Bones of the foot
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talus
calcaneus navicular 3 Cuneiforms Cuboid metatarsal and phalanges |
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Lateral ankle ligaments
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Anterior and posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular |
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Medial ankle ligaments
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tibionavicular
tibiocalcaneal posterior tibiotalar deeper anterior tibiotalar |
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What actions occur at ankle joint?
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dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
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What actions occur at subtalar/talocalcaneal joint?
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inversion and eversion
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What actions occur at midtarsal joint?
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pivoting
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What maintains arch of foot?
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spring ligament
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Innervation of lateral compartment of leg
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superficial fibular nerve
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innervation of skin of lateral leg and dorsum of foot except web space between 1st and 2nd toes
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superficial fibular nerve
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Innervation of anterior compartment of leg
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deep fibular nerve
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cutaneous innervation of web space between 1st and 2nd toes
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deep fibular nerve
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