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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what you believe is true because you believe it is true on the basis of your own beliefs "That was a great movie" "why do you think so?" "Well, I just loved it." |
Subjective fallacy |
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It occurs when propositions are believed to be true because of popular opinion "The Beatles were the best rock group of the 1960's - they sold more records than any other group" |
Appeal to majority |
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Persuade through feelings through rage or pity rather than on fact. I have a dream speeches, or political ads or speeches |
Appeal to emotion |
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Trying to persuade through threat "If you do not believe this, you are going to suffer" |
Appeal to force |
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whenever you appeal to someone when the conditions of credibility have not been established "To solve our transportation problems, we need to put more money into mass transit. CBC News said so last night" |
Appeal to authority |
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It occurs when you attack or dismiss someone's argument. You attack the person who's making the claim or argument. "Don't believe what Kim says about global warming. Kim dropped out of college!" |
Ad Hominem (against the man) |
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Occurs when you reject someone's argument to be incorrect because they do not practice what they preach. "How can you say that animals have rights, when you eat meat?" |
Tu quo que |
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Seek to deny the legitimacy of an argument on the basis of gain or benefit. "How can you give me a C in this course? I've been getting B's from all other teachers. Maybe your grading standards are too high." |
Poisoning the well |
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It occurs when the premise is the same as the conclusion. How can you deny that the belief in an afterlife is universal? After all, everyone believes in it. |
Circular argument |
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Questions but they ought to be asking 2 questions or more complex questions. It requires in depth explanation or justification "I think you'll find that those shoes are the ones you want. Shall I wrap them up, or would you prefer to wear them?" |
Circular argument: Begging the question/complex question |
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A occurred before B, therefore A caused B |
Post Hoc (after this, therefore because of this) |
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Occurs when we fail to see all the relevant possibilities. "Dianne is not rich therefore she must be poor." |
False alternative |
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A proposition is true because it has not been proven false "come on, spend the night with me." "why should I?" "Why shouldn't you?" |
Appeal to ignorance |
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the premise and the conclusion are so radically distant from each other "My english teacher says it's a fallacy to appeal to authority, but i had noticed in class today that he cited Aristotle in answering an objection we had" |
Non-sequitur |
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When you change the course/issue in the middle of the argument "Could this pipeline affect our ecosystems?" "Well, the pipeline is great for the economy and it can create a lot of jobs. It will benefit us greatly in the future." |
Fallacy of diversion |
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Respond to an argument to an opponent's position by distorting and simplifying their claims to extreme forms. "Animal rights activists believe that we shouldn't keep animals active and make them do our will. They would have you abandon your pets in the wilderness." |
Strawman (easy to knock down) |