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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Argument Form

The pattern of reasoning or the specific structure exhibited by an argument.

Modus Ponens

Common argument form in which the second premise affirms the truth of the antecedent of the first premise.


If A, then B


A


So, B

Substitution Instance

Is the replacement of an argument form with an argument or the replacement of an argument with an argument form.

Variable

A letter that functions as a placeholder for a statement.

Conditional Statements

A hypothetical statement or simply an "If-Then" statement.

Antecedent

Identified by "If" part

Consequent

Identified by "Then" or "Only If"

Modus Tollen


Common argument form in which the second premise denies the truth of the antecedent of the first premise.


If A, then B


Not B


So, Not A

Negations

Are statements that deny the truth of other statements.

Hypothetical Syllogism


An argument made up of three proposition (major/minor premise, and the conclusion).


If A, then B


If B, then C


So, if A, then C

Disjunction

Is an Either-or-Statement

Disjunctive Syllogism

An argument in which the major premise is a disjunction.


Either A or B or Either A or B


Not A Not B


So, B So, A

Exclusive

A statements in which both disjuncts can not be true.

Inclusive

A statement in which it is possible for both disjuncts to be true.

Constructive Dilemma

An argument form in which the disjunction of the antecedents of two implicational statements leads to the disjunction of the consequents.


If A, then C


If B, then D


A or B


C or D

Syllogism

To reason together, or to put statements together into a pattern of reasoning.