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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A bone marrow aspiration on a cat may be obtained from the A.proximal humerus B.femur C.wing of the ileum D.all of the above |
D. all of the above
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Which cell in the WBC line is one stage less mature then the band neutrophil? A.myelocyte B.myeloblast C.metamyelocyte D.promyelocyte E.none of the above |
C.metamyelocyte
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Which of the following would NOT be an indication for performing a bone marrow aspirate? A.unexplained findings in CBC B.hypercalcemia C.nonregenerative anemias D.staging for chemotherapy E.none of the above |
E. none of the above
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Which cell in the RBC line is the most immature, with a large nucleus and nucleoli still present? A.rubricyte B.rubriblast C.metarubricyte D.prorubricyte E.none of the above |
B. rubriblast
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In what species is a bone marrow sample the primary means by which to judge the animals response to an anemia? A. equine B.bovine C.canine D.feline E.none of the above |
A. equine
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A bone marrow aspiration in small animals can sometimes be performed with which of the following A. Tranquilizer B.General anesthetic C.either of the above D.none of the above |
C. either of the above
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What does the term hyperplastic mean? A. neoplastic cells B.decreased number of cells C. increased number of cells D.myeloproliferative cells E. none of the above |
C. increased number of cells
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T/F---When performing an M:E ratio you would count all mature nucleated cells with the bone marrow
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False
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About how many days does it take a RBC to mature? A. 2 B. 5 C.10 D.15 |
B. 5
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When following a bone marrow case, besides actually examining the bone marrow what other lab test might the technician be performing? A .B U N B.A L T C.A S T D.C B C E.none of the above |
D. C B C
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Where does bone marrow exist in a) the young animal? b) the older animal?
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a. flat bones (sternum, ribs, pelvic bones, vertebrae b. long bones (humerus, femur)flat bones (primitive cells are still in long bones) |
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What are some indications for bone marrow examination?
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When it is not possible to make a diagnosis by examination of peripheral blood in patients with unexplained blood findings (suggests marrow failure or neoplasia) Examples: nonregenerative anemias, leukopenia, megaloblastic or microcytic anemias, persistent neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, drug toxicities, irradiation, lymphoproliferative disorders |
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What things may the interpretation of the bone marrow smear be limited by?
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-The amount of cells collected -Blood in the smear -The technique used to obtain a bone marrow specimen -Specialized knowledge necessary to interpret bone marrow cells |
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What are the three methods of biopsy that are used for bone marrow collection?
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aspiration, core, incisional biopsy
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What are the two sites of choice for collection in both the dog and cat?
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iliac crest, trochanteric fossa
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How may the bone marrow be contaminated with peripheral blood?
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a. When the needle is not aspirated immediately after the needle enters the marrow cavity b. Too much negative pressure is placed on the syringe (rupturing small sinusoids in the bone marrow) |
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How long after collection of the bone marrow should a smear be made, and how quickly will the marrow clot after collection?
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a. Make it immediately after aspiration of material (or use EDTA tube method) b. Marrow clots within 30-60 seconds (due to extrinsic thromboplastin present in the bone marrow tissue) |
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What can the marrow be fixed in for histologic preparation, and what stains can be used?
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a. Formalin b. NMB, Wright's, May-Grunwald's, Giemsa (and perioxidase to help differentiate between granulocytic elements from lymphocytes). |
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In what species is bone marrow examination the principal means of evaluating a response to anemia?
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Equine
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Is it necessary to collect peripheral blood when bone marrow is collected? Why or why not?
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a. Yes b. You must have the peripheral blood for proper comparative evaluation |
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If a smear cannot be made immediately, what can be done with the sample, and how soon must the sample be examined?
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a. Quickly place a few drops of the collected marrow into an EDTA tube where most of the EDTA has been shaken from it (formalin may also be used) b. Smears can then be made within the next few minutes |
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What is the M:E ratio?
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A 500 cell differential is performed, and the number of red cell (erythroid) precursors and the number of white blood cell (myeloid) precursors is estimated and then the myeloid cells are divided by the erythroid cells to arrive at the M:E ratio.
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What percentages of the more mature RBCs and WBCs should be seen when examining bone marrow (i.e.: metamyelocyte, bands, neutrophils; rubricytes, metarubricytes)?
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Approximately 80% of the granulocytic precursors and approximately 90% of the erythroid series.
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When are the erythroid series and myeloid series considered "mature"?
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a. Erythroid: when significant numbers of polychromatophilic RBCs are found b. Myeloid: when mature neutrophils are present |
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Define leukemia.
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A neoplastic proliferation (reproduction or multiplication) of hematopoietic cells within the bone marrowFYI neoplasm-tumor. New and abnormal growth, specifically one in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive. May be benign or malignant.
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What is the diagnosis of leukemia based on?
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Diagnosis is based on finding characteristic blast cells in the blood and/or bone marrow and associated hematological abnormalities.
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