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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do dermal cells secrete?
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Dermacidins
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What are dermacidins?
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40 AA peptides that are antimicrobial
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What do sweat cells secrete?
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Lysozyme
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What two things does mucous contain to kill bacteria?
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anti bacteria peptides and lactoperoxidase
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What does lactoperoxidase do?
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makes OSCN, hypothiocyanite
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What type of immunity are dermacidins, lysozymes, and mucous apart of ?
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innate immunity
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What does lysozyme do ?
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cleave the nag-nam linkage
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most mucousal systems sequester what?
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gastro, lactoferrin
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What types of cells differentiate into phagocytic cells?
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monocytes
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Monocytes are circulating cells that penetrate into tissues and differentiate into _____
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phagocytic cells
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All macrophage like cells (phagocytes that have come from monocytes) contain what type of receptor?
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PRR (Pattern Recognition receptors)
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What do PRR's recognize?
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They recognize PAMPs (Pathogen associated molecular patterns)
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What two types of cells are PRR receptors found on?
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neutrophils and macrophage like receptors
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What is a toll like receptor, a specific kind of what?
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PRR (Pattern Recognition Receptor)
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What do TLR (toll like receptors recognize)?
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eukaryotic and prokaryotic pathogens (none found in archaea)
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TLR's Recognize pathogens and trigger what master regulator of the immune system?
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NFkB
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Specific TLR's recognize what two things on/or in bacteria?
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LPS and CpG dinucleotides from lysed cell DNA OR flagella ( 3 things! ) LPS, CpG, and FLAGELLA
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TLR's recognize what on yeast?
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zymosan and mannan
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ALL TLR's trigger what major response?
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PHAGOCYTOSIS!
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What regions contain receptors for opsonins?
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Complement protein c3b, IgG or IgM antibodies
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How do phagocytes kill pathogens? what are the three steps
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1) Phagocyte forms a phagosome with the pathogen that is bound to it and fuses with a lysosome creating a phagolysosome 2) ROI's and RNI's are formed and they digest all of the pathogen enzymes 3) The debris are released by phagocytic cells but only the macrophages present antigen
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What types of cells present antigen after they have killed pathogens?
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Macrophages present antigen!
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What is made inside the phagolysosome that kills the pathogen?
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Reactive oxygen intermediates
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What does NO synthase make?
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Makes NO from Arginine
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What is peroxynitrite?
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Combines with O2 radical and NO to make ONO2
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Why are neutrophils short lived?
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Because they have a whole bunch of collateral damage that occurs when carrying out these reactive processes
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Which live longer, Macrophages or Neutrophils?
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Macrophages live longer
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What does superoxide dismutase do?
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make hydrogen peroxide by combining O2 radical and
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what does superoxide do?
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make oxygen radicals
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what does myeloperoxidase do?
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combine a h202 with chlorine and makes HOCl (bleach)
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What do antimicrobial cationic peptides do?
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They damage bacteria cell membranes
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What are the three types of chemical cationic antimicrobial mediators?
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Cathelicidin, defensins, and histidin
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What does Cathelicidin contain?
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no cys
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what does defensin contain?
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high arg and high cys
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what does histatin contain
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high amounts of histidine
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What is the complement chemical mediating system?
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has more than 30 serum proteins floating around that circulate in dormant states until activated
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What are bacteriocins?
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they are colicins made by bacteria to kill off other microbes
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What do the three pathways of the complement system eventually combine to?
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C3 convertase
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What are the two inflammatory mediators associated with the complement pathway?
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C3a and C3a
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What is the opsonin associated with the complement pathway?
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C3b
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what does mac do?
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forms holes in bacterial membranes and lyses the cells but it doesnt work with gram positive organisms
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What leads to the formation of MAC?
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C5b-C9 and C3b binding on the surface
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What type of organisms are opsonins effective on? gram - only, gram + only, or both?
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both
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