Lkm Science Prelims 4

Front 1

It is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals.

Back 1

Rock

Front 2

Geologists group rocks into three categories:

Back 2

Igneous

Sedimentary

Metamorphic

Front 3

It is the scientific study of rocks.

Back 3

Petrology

Front 4

It is formed from hardening and crystallization of magma or molten material that originates deep within earth.

Back 4

Igneous Rocks

Front 5

2 types of Igneous Rocks

Back 5

1. Extrusive/Volcanic

2. Intrusive/Plutonic

Front 6

It forms when magma makes its way to Earth's surface as lava and then cools. The crystals are very small (fine grained) since cooling process is fast.

Back 6

Extrusive/Volcanic

Front 7

It cools slowly beneath the Earth surface and are created by magma. It has very large crystals (course grained).

Back 7

Intrusive/Plutonic

Front 8

[Igneous Rocks Composition]

light in color; feldspar and silicates

Back 8

Felsic

Front 9

[Igneous Rocks Composition]

dark in color; made up of magnesium and iron

Back 9

Mafic

Front 10

[Igneous Rocks Composition]

between mafic and felsic

Back 10

Intermediate

Front 11

[Igneous Rocks Composition]

very dark color

Back 11

Ultramafic

Front 12

[Igneous Rocks Texture]

fine grained

Back 12

Aphanistic

Front 13

[Igneous Rocks Texture]

course grained

Back 13

Phaneritic

Front 14

[Igneous Rocks Texture]

large crystals with small crystal

Back 14

Porphyritic

Front 15

[Igneous Rocks Texture]

non-ordered solid from rapic quenching

Back 15

Glassy

Front 16

[Igneous Rocks Texture]

composite of ejected fragment

ex: obsidian, pumice, basalt, granite, diorite, gabbro

Back 16

Pyroclastic

Front 17

It forms from pre-existing rocks: either from metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary.

ex: quartzite, marble, slate, phyllite

Back 17

Metamorphic Rocks

Front 18

Transformation of one rock type into another.

Back 18

Metamorphism

Front 19

2 Types of Metamorphism

Back 19

1. Regional

2. Contact

Front 20

[Metamorphic Type]

Due to changes in pressure and temperature over large region of the crust.

Back 20

Regional

Front 21

[Metamorphic Type]

Mainly by heat due to contact with magma.

Back 21

Contact

Front 22

[Metamorphic Classification]

refers to the size arrangement and grains within the rock.

Back 22

Texture

Front 23

[Metamorphic Classification]

any planar arrangement of mineral grains or structural features within the rock.

Back 23

Foliation

Front 24

Appeared banded or layered, contains crystals. ex: mica

Back 24

Foliated

Front 25

Made up of only few minerals.

Back 25

Non-foliated

Front 26

It provides information about surface conditions that existed in the Earth's past.

Back 26

Sedimentary Rocks

Front 27

Due to increase of pressure of layered sediments, it bind together to form sedimentary rocks.

Back 27

Compaction

Front 28

Particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of materials called _______, accumulate in layers and over long period of time harden into rocks.

Back 28

Sediments

Front 29

3 types of Sedimentary rocks

Back 29

1. Clastic

2. Chemical

3. Organic

Front 30

[Sedimentary Type]

formed from accumulation of clasts: little pieces of broken rocks and shells

Back 30

Clastic

Front 31

[Sedimentary Type]

formed when dissolved minerals precipitate from a solution

Back 31

Chemical

Front 32

[Sedimentary Type]

rocks formed from the accumulation of animal debris

Back 32

Organic

Front 33

The building blocks of rocks.

Back 33

Minerals

Front 34

[Characteristics of Minerals]

a product of Earth's natural processes

Back 34

Naturally Occurring

Front 35

[Characteristics of Minerals]

It must be a product of Earth's physical processes

Back 35

Inorganic

Front 36

[Characteristics of Minerals]

Minerals should have definite volume and rigid shape

Back 36

Homogeneous Solid

Front 37

[Characteristics of Minerals]

Represented by a chemical formula

Back 37

Definite Chemical Composition

Front 38

[Characteristics of Minerals]

Atoms of minerals are arranged in an orderly and repeating pattern.

Back 38

Orderly Crystalline Structure

Front 39

Mineral's color may change depending on the surface.

Back 39

Color

Front 40

Color of mineral in powdered form.

Back 40

Streak

Front 41

Minerals resistance to scratching.

Back 41

Hardness

Front 42

Mineral's resistance to being broken and fractured

Back 42

Cleavage

Front 43

Ability to allow light to pass through it. This is affected by chemical makeup of the mineral sample.

Back 43

Diaphaneity

Front 44

How light is reflected off a surface.

Back 44

Luster

Front 45

Describes the minerals reaction to stress.

Back 45

Tenacity

Front 46

A mineral turns into powder.

Back 46

Brittleness

Front 47

A mineral can be flattened by pounding with a hammer.

Back 47

Malleability

Front 48

A mineral can be stretched into wire.

Back 48

Ductility

Front 49

Minerals are bent but they remain in the new position.

Back 49

Flexible but inelastic

Front 50

Minerals are bent, and they bring back to their original position.

Back 50

Flexible and elastic

Front 51

Ability of minerals to be sliced by a knife.

Back 51

Sectility