Living Environment

Front 1

The process of meiotic cell division in a human male usually forms...

1. one diploid cell, only

2. four diploid cells

3. one monoploid cell, only

4. four monoploid cells

Back 1

4. Four monoploid cells

Front 2

Which reproductive adaptation is characteristic of most terrestrial vertebrates but not of most aquatic vertebrates?

1. external fertilization

2. internal fertilization

3. motile gametes

4. external development

Back 2

2. Internal Fertilization

Front 3

Based on the fact that a watermelon contains many seeds, what can be inferred about a normal flower of a watermelon plant?

1. It contains many sepals and petals.

2. It contains very large anthers.

3. It contains a large number of ovules.

4. It contains a large number of stamens

Back 3

3. It contains a large number of ovules.

Front 4

Which statement best describes the sperm cells of an animal that are produced from primary sex cells?

1. They are diploid as a result of mitotic division.

2. They are genetically identical to the primary sex cells.

3. They contain the monoploid number of chromosomes.

4. They are larger than egg cells

Back 4

3. They contain the monoploid number of chromosomes.

Front 5

which part of a flower do both meiosis and fertilization occur?

1. ovule

2. stigma

3. anther

4. petal

Back 5

1. Ovule.

Front 6

Which is one of the early steps in the formation of both egg and sperm cells?

1. chromosome pairing

2. polar body formation

3. unequal division of cytoplasm

4. yolk accumulation

Back 6

1. Chromosome pairing .

Front 7

pollen grain does not normally germinate until...

1. a zygote is formed

2. cleavage has occurred

3. pollination has occurred

4. a diploid nucleus is formed

Back 7

3. Pollination has occurred

Front 8

The number of autosomes and type of sex chromosome normally present in a human egg cell is...

1. 44 + XY

2. 44 + XX

3. 22 + Y

4. 22 + X

Back 8

4. 22 + X

Front 9

What would most likely result if mitosis was not accompanied by cytoplasmic division?

1. two cells, each with one nucleus

2. two cells, each without a nucleus

3. one cell with two identical nuclei

4. one cell without a nucleus

Back 9

3. One cell with two identical nuclei .

Front 10

Which structures are not involved in asexual reproduction?

1. centromeres

2. spindles

3. chromosomes

4. setae

Back 10

4. Setae .

Front 11

Which diagram represents binary fission?

Back 11

1 .

Front 12

The diagrams below represent various processes associated with reproduction. Asexual reproduction is represented by ...

Back 12

A and C

Front 13

During mitosis, a double-stranded chromosome is attached to a spindle fiber at the...

1. centriole

2. centromere

3. centrosome

4. cell plate

Back 13

2. Centromere

Front 14

Many unicellular organisms reproduce by the process of...

1. fission

2. regeneration

3. ovulation

4. nondisjunction

Back 14

1. Fission

Front 15

The spotted touch-me-not, a flowering plant, has seed pods that burst open when touched and forcefully eject their seeds. Such an adaptation is favorable because it...

1. aids in the dispersal of the species.

2. attracts insects that aid in pollination.

3. prevents germination within the seed pod.

4. can cause genetic changes to occur

Back 15

1. Aids in the disposal of the species .

Front 16

The diagram below illustrates the change that occurred in the frequency of phenotypes in an insect population over 10 generations. A probable explanation for this change would be that over time there was..

1. a decrease in the adaptive value of gene a

2. an increase in the adaptive value of gene a

3. an increase in the population of this insect

4. a decrease in the mutation rate of gene A

Back 16

2. An increase in adaptive value in gene a

Front 17

According to Darwin's theory of evolution, differences between species may be the result of...

1. the disuse of body structures

2. the transmission of acquired characteristics

3. natural selection

4. mutagenic agents

Back 17

3. Natural selection

Front 18

Two nucleotide sequences found in two different species are almost exactly the same. This suggests that these species ...

1. are evolving into the same species

2. contain identical DNA

3. may have similar evolutionary histories

4. have the same number of mutations

Back 18

3. May have similar evolutionary histories

Front 19

diagram below shows undisturbed sedimentary strata at the bottom of an ocean. The fossils found in layer B resemble the fossils found in layer A. This similarity suggests that...

1. the fossils in layer B were formed before the fossils in layer A

2. modern forms of life may have evolved from earlier forms of life

3. vertebrate fossils are only found in sediments

4. the fossils in layer A must be more complex than those in layer B

Back 19

2. Modern forms of life may have evolved from earlier forms of life

Front 20

The theory that evolutionary change is slow and continuous is known as...

1. punctuated equilibrium

2. geographic isolation

3. speciation

4. gradualism

Back 20

4. Gradualism

Front 21

The concept that species have changed over long periods of time is known as...

1. ecology

2. embryology

3. spontaneous generation

4. organic evolution

Back 21

4. Organic evolution

Front 22

The study of homologous structures in mature organisms provides evidence for the evolutionary relationships among certain groups of organisms. Which field of study includes this evidence of evolution?

1. comparative cytology

2. biochemistry

3. geology

4. comparative anatomy

Back 22

4. Comparative anatomy

Front 23

The diagram below represents a section of undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock in New York State and shows the location of fossils of several closely related species. According to currently accepted evolutionary theory, which is the most probable assumption about species A, B, and C?

1. Species B is more abundant than species C.

2. Species C existed before species B.

3. Species A and B are genetically identical.

4. Species B descended from species A.

Back 23

2. Species C existed before species B

Front 24

Which group of organisms is believed to be among the earliest to evolve on Earth?

1. arthropods

2. coelenterates

3. protozoans

4. reptiles

Back 24

3. Protozoans

Front 25

Which concept was not included in Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection?

1. survival of the fittest

2. struggle for existence

3. overproduction of offspring

4. punctuated equilibrium

Back 25

4. Punctuated Equilibrium

Front 26

According to the heterotroph hypothesis, the first life on Earth was able to...

1. synthesize its food from inorganic compounds

2. feed upon carbohydrates produced by autotrophs

3. feed upon available nutrients in the environment

4. carry on photosynthesis instead of respiration

Back 26

3. Feed upon available nutrients in the environment

Front 27

The biochemical analysis of different chlorophyll pigments in plants would be most useful in determining ...

1. how plants reproduce asexually

2. how plants pass favorable traits to their offspring

3. why some plants produce hemoglobin

4. which plants might have a common ancestor

Back 27

4. Which plants might have a common ancestor .

Front 28

The structural similarities between the flippers of whales and the arms of humans are used to show that the

1. human species began life in the oceans

2. human species and whales have a common ancestry

3. whales are older than the human species

4. whales evolved from the human species

Back 28

2. human species and whales have a common ancestry