Livestock Judging 101-150

Front 1

The degree to which the crossbred offspring out performs its purebred parents is:

Back 1

hybrid vigor

Front 2

An animal that has extremely straight hind legs is best described as being:

Back 2

post-legged

Front 3

A method of animal identification that uses very low temperature to change pigment color of the skin is:

Back 3

freeze brand

Front 4

The gestation time for cattle is:

Back 4

283 days

Front 5

Which trait has the highest heritability estimate in cattle?

Back 5

post weaning rate of gain

Front 6

The average age of puberty in sheep is:

Back 6

6 months

Front 7

A cattle producer that produces breeding stock including bulls and females for cow-calf operations is commonly called a:

Back 7

seedstock/purebreed breeder

Front 8

The most important factor when formulating a ration for livestock is:

Back 8

total digestive nutrients

Front 9

The gestation time for sheep is:

Back 9

148 days

Front 10

Heifers most commonly reach puberty at the average age of:

Back 10

7 months

Front 11

Estrus in cattle usually occurs every:

Back 11

21 days

Front 12

EPD stands for:

Back 12

expected progeny difference

Front 13

A market where cattle are sold by public bidding, with the animals going to the highest bidder is known as a(n):

Back 13

auction

Front 14

In swine, a male that has been castrated before reaching sexual maturity is called a:

Back 14

barrow

Front 15

A system that is used for trading contracts for future delivery of cattle is known as:

Back 15

futures market

Front 16

In 1985, a one dollar per head checkoff for every head of beef sold in the United States
was established as a result of the passage of the:

Back 16

Beef Promotion and Research Act

Front 17

The process of placing sperm in the female reproductive tract by some other means than natural mating is known as:

Back 17

artificial insemination

Front 18

The process of preparing calves for the stress of being moved into the feedlot is called:

Back 18

preconditioning

Front 19

The rate or percentage of animals becoming pregnant.

Back 19

conception rate

Front 20

The removal of all or part of the tail from sheep is referred to as:

Back 20

docking

Front 21

A method of animal identification that is a puncture in the skin of numbers or letters is
known as:

Back 21

tattoo

Front 22

A selective form of breeding in which the sire and dam are related which some refer to as
a mild form of inbreeding is called:

Back 22

linebreeding

Front 23

The average daily gain for growing cattle on full feed.

Back 23

3 lb/per day

Front 24

Which of the following traits is considered undesirable when judging market lambs?

Back 24

early maturing

Front 25

Cattle are in a class of animals which consume only plant products known as:

Back 25

herbivores

Front 26

The gestation time for swine is:

Back 26

114 days

Front 27

When evaluating swine performance data, litter weights are adjusted to a standard of how
many days?

Back 27

21 days

Front 28

The most common swine identification system is:

Back 28

ear notching

Front 29

The mating of animals of different family lines within the same breed is:

Back 29

outcrossing

Front 30

The testes produce sperm cells and the male sex hormone:

Back 30

testosterone

Front 31

The age at which an animal reaches sexual maturity is:

Back 31

puberty

Front 32

The length of the estrus cycle for a ewe is:

Back 32

14-20 days

Front 33

The estrus cycle in swine occurs:

Back 33

every 21 days

Front 34

The process of taking food nutrients through the intestinal wall is:

Back 34

absorption

Front 35

The reflex and response that an animal has at birth is:

Back 35

instinct

Front 36

The normal body temperature of sheep and swine is:

Back 36

Above 102 degrees F

Front 37

Sheep and cattle both have multiple stomachs referred to as a(n):

Back 37

ruminant

Front 38

The growth and development of animals prior to birth.

Back 38

prenatal

Front 39

A permanent change in the genotype of an offspring from that of its parents.

Back 39

mutation

Front 40

An impairment that affects the performance of the vital life functions.

Back 40

disease

Front 41

The most common sheep identification system is:

Back 41

ear tags

Front 42

What hormone is produced primarily by the ovaries in female animals?

Back 42

estrogen

Front 43

Cattle have how many pairs of chromosomes?

Back 43

30

Front 44

The use of living organisms or their products (livestock production) is also known as:

Back 44

biotechnology

Front 45

External fat on a lamb carcass is measured between which two ribs?

Back 45

12 & 13

Front 46

The tube that carries air to an animal’s lungs.

Back 46

trachea

Front 47

The use of liquid nitrogen for storage of semen and embryos.

Back 47

cryopreservation

Front 48

The expected yield of a hog with a USDA quality grade of No. 1 is:

Back 48

60.4% or greater

Front 49

The most important wholesale cut of lamb is:

Back 49

leg

Front 50

The age of the beef animal and the amount of marbling in the carcass affect the
________ of the carcass.

Back 50

quality grade