Lios: Cognitive -Behavioral Family Therapy

Front 1

Classical Conditioning

Back 1

A form of respondent learning in which an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), such as food, which leads to an unconditioned response (UCR), such as salivation, is paired with a conditioned stimulus (CS), such as a bell, the result of which is that the CS begins to evoke the same response; used in the behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders.

Front 2

Aversive Control

Back 2

Using punishment and criticism to eliminate undesirable responses; commonly used in dysfunctional families.

Front 3

Behavior Exchange theory

Back 3

Explanation of behavior in relationships as maintained by a ratio of costs to benefits.

Front 4

Cognitive-bhavioral therapy
Albert Ellis & Aaron Beck)

Back 4

Treatment that emphasizes attitude change as well as reinforcement of behavior.

Front 5

Operant Conditioning
(B.F. Skinner)

Back 5

A form of learning whereby a person or animal is rewarded for performing certain behaviors; the major approach in most forms of behavior therapy.

Front 6

Reinforcement

Back 6

An event, behavior, or object that increases the rate of a particular response. A positive reinforcer is an event whose contingent presentation increases the rate of responding; a negative reinforcer is an event whose contingent withdrawal increases the rate of responding.

Front 7

Schemas

Back 7

Underlying core beliefs that an individual has developed about the world and how it functions.

Front 8

Social Learning Theory

Back 8

Understanding and treating behavior using principles from social and developmental psychology as well as from learning theory.

Front 9

Time-out

Back 9

A behavioral technique for extinguishing undesirable behavior by removing the reinforcing consequences of that behavior; typically, making the child sit in a corner or go to his or other room.

Front 10

Functional analysis of behavior

Back 10

In operant behavioral therapy, a study of a particular behavior, what elicits it, and what reinforces it.

Front 11

Systematic desensitization ( Joseph Wolpe)

Back 11

Deconditions anxiety through reciprocal inhibition by pairing responses incompatible with anxiety to previously anxiety-arousing stimuli.

Front 12

Positively reinforced behaviors will occur more or less frequently?

Back 12

More frequently

Front 13

Responses that are punished or ignored will be?

Back 13

Extinguished

Front 14

Role Rehearsal

Back 14

Role-playing desired ways of behaving, especially in couples therapy.
(Bandura & Walters)

Front 15

Modeling

Back 15

Observant learning
(Bandura & Walters)

Front 16

Contingency Contracting

Back 16

A behavioral therapy technique whereby agreements are made between family members to exchange rewards for desired behavior.
(Richard Stuart)

Front 17

Reinforcement reciprocity

Back 17

Exchanging rewarding behaviors between family members.

Front 18

What is the basic central premise of behavior therapy is:

Back 18

Behavior is maintained by its consequences.

Front 19

Reinforcers

Back 19

Consequences that accelerate behavior.

Front 20

Punishers

Back 20

Consequences that decelerate behavior.

Front 21

Extinction

Back 21

Eliminating behavior by not reinforcing it.

Front 22

Automatic thoughts

Back 22

Thoughts based on "arbitrary inference", distorted conclusions, shaped by a person's schemas or cores beliefs about the world and how it functions.

Front 23

Theory of social exchange

Back 23

Thibaut and Kelley's theory according to which people strive to maximize rewards and minimize costs in a relationship.

Front 24

Communication skill

Back 24

The ability to talk, especially about problems.
Considered by behaviorists to be the most important feature of a good relationship.

Front 25

What are the eight types of cognitive distortion according to Datillo.

Back 25

1) Arbitrary inference
2) Selective abstraction
3) Overgeneralization
4) Exaggeration & Minimization
5) Personalization
6) Dichotomous thinking
7) Labeling
8) Mind reading

Front 26

Arbitrary inference

Back 26

Conclusions are drawn from events in the absence of supporting evidence.

Front 27

Selective abstraction

Back 27

Certain details are highlighted while others important information is ignored.

Front 28

Overgeneralization

Back 28

Isolated incidents are taken as general patterns.

Front 29

Exaggeration & Minimization

Back 29

The significance of events is unrealistically magnified or diminished.

Front 30

Personalization

Back 30

Events are arbitrarily interpreted in reference to oneself.

Front 31

Dichotomous Thinking

Back 31

Experiences are interpreted as all good or all bad.

Front 32

Labeling

Back 32

Behavior is attributed to undesirable personality traits.

Front 33

Mind Reading

Back 33

People don't communicate because they assume that they know what others are thinking.

Front 34

Token Economies

Back 34

A system of rewards using points, which can be accumulated and exchanged for reinforcing items or behaviors.

Front 35

Contingency rewards

Back 35

Involves agreements by parents to make certain changes following changes made by their children.

Front 36

Contingency management

Back 36

Consists of giving and taking away rewards based on the children's behavior.

Front 37

SORKC
(Kanfer & Phillips)

Back 37

Most assessment are based on this model of behavior: S for stimulus, O for the state of the organism, R for the target response, and KC for the nature and contingency of consequences.

Front 38

The goal of CBT

Back 38

to modify specific patterns of behavior to alleviate the presenting problem.

Front 39

Behavioral Family Therapy

Back 39

Aims to resolve targeted family problems through identifying behavioral goals, learning theory techniques for achieving these goals, and social reinforcers to facilitate this process.

Front 40

The hallmarks of behavioral family therapy is:

Back 40

1) Careful assessment to determine the baseline frequency of problem behavior, to guide therapy, and to provide feedback about the success of treatment
2) Strategies designed to modify the contingencies of reinforcement in each client family.

Front 41

Premack Principle

Back 41

Using high-probability behavior (preferred activities) to reinforce low-probability behavior (nonpreferred activities).

Front 42

To help family members arrive at contracts the behavioral family therapist encourages...
1)
2)
3)

Back 42

1) Clear communication of content and feelings
2) Clear presentation of requests leading to
3) Negotiation, w/ each person receiving something in exchange for some concession.

Front 43

The most commonly used marital questionnaire used in CBT

Back 43

Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Scale.
A 23 item questionnaire covering various aspects of marital satisfaction, including communication, sex, affection, social activities, and values.

Front 44

List 5 strategies that summarize the behavioral approach. (Stuart)

Back 44

1) Couples are taught to express themselves in clear, behavioral descriptions, rather than in vague complaints.
2)Couples are taught new behavior exchange procedures, emphasizing positive control in place of aversive control.
3) Couples are helped to improve their communication.
4) couples are encouraged to establish clear and effective means of sharing power and making decisions.
5) Couples are taught strategies for solving future problems as a means to maintain and extend gains initiated in therapy.

Front 45

Quid pro quo contracts

Back 45

One partner agrees to make a change after a prior change by another.

Front 46

Good faith contract

Back 46

Both partners to agree to make changes that are not contingent on what the other does. Each partners independent change is independently enforced.

Example: Wife rewards herself w/ a pedicure, if she is home by 6:00 pm every night.

Front 47

ABC Theory

Back 47

(A) Family members are taught to look for irrational beliefs
(B) Irrational beliefs are challenged
(C) The goal is to modify beliefs and expectations by putting them on a more rational basis.

Front 48

Technique implemented by asking a series of questions to uncover the basic schemas underlying each person's assumptions.
Example: So if that were to occur, what would that mean?

Back 48

Downward Arrow Technique

Front 49

List 8 steps in uncovering family schemas

Back 49

1) Identify family schemas & highlight those areas of conflict that are fueled by them.
2) trace the origin of family schemas & how they evolved to become an ingrained mechanism in the family process.
3) Point out the need for change, indicating how the restructuring of schemas may facilitate more adaptive & harmonious family interaction.
4) Elicit acknowledgement of the need to change or modifying existing dysfunctional schemas.
5) Assess the family's ability to make changes, & plan strategies for facilitating them.
6) Implement change.
7) Enact new behaviors.
8) Solidify changes.

Front 50

Assertiveness training

Back 50

Training in which socially and sexually and express their needs and feelings.

Front 51

Three types of sexual problems. (Helen Singer Kaplan)

Back 51

1) Disorders of desire
2) Arousal disorders
3) orgasm disorders

Front 52

Disorders of desire range from low sex drive to sexual aversion. Treatment focuses on :


(Helen Singer Kaplan)

Back 52

a) Deconditioning anxiety
b) Helping clients resist negative thoughts.

Front 53

Arousal disorders include decreased emotional arousal and difficulty achieving and maintaing an erection or dilating and lubricating.

How are they often helped?

Back 53

They are often helped with a combination of relaxation & teaching couples to focus on the physical sensations of touching and caressing, rather than worrying about what comes next.

Front 54

What do orgasm disorders often include.

Back 54

Orgasm disorders include the timing of orgasm (e.g., premature, delayed), the quality of the orgasm, or the requirements of the orgasm (e.g. some people only have an orgasm during masturbation).

Front 55

Sex therapy in which couples are taught how to relax & enjoy touching and being touched.

Back 55

Sensate Focus
( a form of in vivo desensitization)

Front 56

Common technique used in treatment of men who have a problem with premature ejaculation.

Back 56

The Squeeze Technique, in which his partner stimulates the man's penis until he feels the urge to ejaculate. After that point, his partner squeezes the frenulum firmly between the thumb and first two fingers until the urge to ejaculate subsides. Stimulation begins again until another squeeze is necessary.

Front 57

Two general categories of cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Back 57

1) Substituting positive for aversive control
2) Skills training