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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Socialization |
A process for acquiring cultural knowledge including knowledge about cultural norms WITHOUT CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION |
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Iceberg metaphor |
Used to explain the complexity of culture; only a part of an iceberg and a culture is easily visible. But a large part of an iceberg and of a culture is somewhat hidden and, therefore, much harder to learn about and to describe. |
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Culture broker |
A person who takes the role of explaining a new culture to others who are new to a culture. |
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(Cross) cultural sensitivity |
A kind of awareness that facilities communication between members of different cultures or members of different ethnic groups. |
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Worldview |
Each cultural group has a different perspective of the world |
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Ethnocentrism |
The view that our way of doing something is automatically viewed as better than the way that is followed in another culture. |
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Emic view |
A perspective from someone inside a culture |
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Etic view |
A perspective from someone outside the culture |
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Ethnography |
The study of a particular culture through participant observation or a report based on such a study |
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Communicative competence |
The ability to use language effectively in context |
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Culture simulation |
An activity with a goal of leading participants to develop cultural sensitivity |
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Kolb's EXPERIENTIAL Learning Cycle (two main parts and three sub-parts in the second phase) Experience Processing or Debriefing Reflection Generalization Application |
Emphasizes development of awareness by engaging in a shared activity and then talking about it |
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Phonology |
The study and the description of the distinctive sound units of a language |
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Syntax |
The study of how words are combined to form sentences and how rules can be created to explain the structure of a sentence |
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Morphology |
The study of the smallest meaningful units of language: word bases, prefixes & suffixes |
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Behaviorism |
A theory of learning that suggests that children acquire language through imitation, repetition, & direct correction (old hypothesis) |
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Language instinct (language acquisition device) |
A theory (by Chomsky) that explains that language acquisition occurs due to our genetic inheritance which provides all humans with the capacity to acquire language (biologically programmed to be able to do so) "language instinct" |
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Gesture calls (Burling) |
A system used by humans & animals to show emotions |
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Sentence (what are the two major parts) |
The noun phrase and the verb phrase |
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Tree diagrams |
Used by linguistics to visually represent the structures of sentences and to explain the functions of phrases in sentences |
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Sapir- Whorf Hypothesis Weak form- |
Different languages may provide different ways to describe the world; speakers of one language may see the world differently and may pay attention to different aspects of reality (Linguistic Relativity) |
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Strong form- |
A theory states that features of the grammar of a language determine how a people using only that language think and perceive the world |
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Linear (lineal) codification of reality |
Thinking in terms of cause/effect, sequencing of ideas (past, present, to future) and ways of thinking used by people of a culture. Not all cultures have this style of thought. (Hoppi: no past tense) |
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Gestural calls VS. Quotable gestures |
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Phrase structure |
A: |
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Language acquisition-critical period hypothesis |
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Language acquisition- months needed for English speaker to learn Spanish or Arabic |
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Languag acquisition- ultimate attainment in L2: grammar & pronunciation |
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Linguistic Relativity |
Different languages may provide different ways to describe the world; speakers of one language may see the world differently and may pay attention to different aspects of reality (weak form of...) still relevant today |
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Grumerz' conversational cues |
Conversational cues might be words or features such as intonation Cross- cultural comm may fail or result in misunderstanding when there are different cultural assumptions or different use of linguistic conventions |
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Lineal thinking |
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'empty" gasoline Drums (significance) |
A: |
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metaphors used in English |
Primarily used in extraordinary language: poetry & in literature Look at how metaphors are used in genres also used in other genres. Ex: appear in newspaper articles, politics, education, science, business, etc. |
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Figurative speech |
In which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable A metaphor provides a means for understanding something abstract |
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Frames/Framing |
-Frames=mental structures-shape way we see the world. As result, they shape goals we seek, plans made, way we act, & what counts as good/bad outcomes of our actions -cannot see frames... scientist call "cognitive unconscious" structure in brains -know these through language... we hear a word- its frame is activated in our brains -even when negate, a frame you activate [it] |
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Plagiarism/copying |
A: |
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Social stratification: correlation between social stratification & pronunciation of /r/ in NYC (Labov's study) |
the study hypothesis that social stratification is positively correlated w/ the pronunciation of (postvocalic) (r) in NYC positive correlation by race & occupation & pronunciation of (r) was found but no correlation was found for age |
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BICS & CALP |
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Parts of speech: N, V, adj, adv |
Noun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb |
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The parts of a research paper |
Title Abstract Intro Hypothesis/Research Q's Lit Review The Study Methods Participants Kind of Data How Results/Findings Discussion Conclusion References |
