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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Phonemic differences |
Sound differences that matter for a given grammer (change the meaning of a word) |
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Phonetic differences |
Sound differences that do not matter for the purpose of determining meaning |
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[bæt] / [pæt] what is the difference between [b] and [p] |
Phonemic |
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Define Minimal pairs |
Words that have a difference in meaning and signalled by just a single segment |
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Define: Complimentary distribution |
Phonetic segments do not occur in the same environment. [ɛ]̃ will occur onlywhere [ɛ] does not (before nasals), |
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Define allophones |
Various phonemic realizations of a phoneme |
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[ɛ]̃ and[ɛ] are what for each other in english? |
Allophones of /ɛ / . It becomes nasalized before vowels. |
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Define lexicon |
the mental dictionary |
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What does the lexicon store? |
Unpredictable information (phonemes) |
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What is tacit knowledge |
Unconcious knowledge like a native speaker |
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What is explicit knowledge |
Concious knowledge like what's learned from studying linguistics |
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Where is a persons linguistic system stored? |
In their mind |
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What field of science does linguistics fall under? |
Cognitive science (in the mind) |
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What are the subfields of linguistics |
1. Phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics |
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What does phonetics study? |
Physical properties of sound , their articulation and their audition |
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What does phonology study? |
The knowledge necessary to produce and udnerstand output and input |
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What is the study of semantics |
the study of meaning |
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What ist he study of syntax |
structuring of phrases and sentences |
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What are affricates? |
Start off close and only let through a small portion of air similar to frivatives |
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What are fricatives |
Narrow passage of air resulting in turbulent sounds |
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What type of letters typically use constricted airflow |
Consanants |
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What does manners of articulation refer to? |
various ways of constricting air flow (i.e stops or fricatives) |
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What are the places of articulation |
labial, dental, alveolar, palata, velar and glottal |
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Where is the glottis located? |
In the larynx between the vocal folds |
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What occurs in the body to produce a voiced sound? |
Rapid flapping of vocal folds |
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What occurs in the body to produce nasal sounds? |
Consants are produced with velum open |
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What occurs in the body to produce fricative sounds? |
Large amount of air from the lungs is pushed through a narrow passage resulting in a turbulent sound |
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What occurs in the body to produce affricate sounds? |
Starts off as closure and opens into a fricative |
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What does front, back and central indicate for vowels? |
The position of the tongue |
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Which vowels are round in english? |
All back vowels |
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What is a criterial difference? |
A difference in meaning as a result of the difference |
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What are underylying representations? |
phonemes |
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What are surface representations? |
phonetic |
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What are phonotactic constraints? |
Constraints on a language. Words that a native speaker can intuitively tell is not real |
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What is morphology? |
The study of complex words |
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What is a morpheme |
A string of one or more phonemes which conveys a particular meaning |
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What is a free morpheme? |
It can be used on its own to convey a meaning (cat) |
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What is a bound morepheme? |
must be bound to another morpheme to convey a meaning ("s) |
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Where do infixes go? |
Inside of morphemes |
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What are productive morphemes |
can be freely used with new lexical items |
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What does lexical ambiguity mean? |
The word may have multiple meanings |
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What is structural ambiguity mean? |
The order may result in confusion |
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What are specifiers? |
First non-head non-compliment |
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What are compliments |
sisters of the head (head adjacent to head of a phrase) |
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What do noun phrases consist of? |
(D)(A)N |
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Whats does prpositional phrase consist of? |
A preposition and a noun phrase |
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What are isoglosses? |
lines that divide areas into dialect regions |
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What does the isogloss represent in terms of distribution? |
The mid point |
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What does bidialectal mean? |
Same as bilingual |