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49 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Phonemic differences



Sound differences that matter for a given grammer (change the meaning of a word)

Phonetic differences

Sound differences that do not matter for the purpose of determining meaning

[bæt] / [pæt] what is the difference between [b] and [p]

Phonemic

Define Minimal pairs

Words that have a difference in meaning and signalled by just a single segment

Define: Complimentary distribution

Phonetic segments do not occur in the same environment.


[ɛ]̃ will occur onlywhere [ɛ] does not (before nasals),

Define allophones

Various phonemic realizations of a phoneme

[ɛ]̃ and[ɛ] are what for each other in english?

Allophones of /ɛ / . It becomes nasalized before vowels.

Define lexicon

the mental dictionary

What does the lexicon store?

Unpredictable information (phonemes)

What is tacit knowledge

Unconcious knowledge like a native speaker

What is explicit knowledge

Concious knowledge like what's learned from studying linguistics

Where is a persons linguistic system stored?

In their mind

What field of science does linguistics fall under?

Cognitive science (in the mind)

What are the subfields of linguistics

1. Phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics

What does phonetics study?

Physical properties of sound , their articulation and their audition

What does phonology study?

The knowledge necessary to produce and udnerstand output and input

What is the study of semantics

the study of meaning

What ist he study of syntax

structuring of phrases and sentences

What are affricates?

Start off close and only let through a small portion of air similar to frivatives

What are fricatives

Narrow passage of air resulting in turbulent sounds

What type of letters typically use constricted airflow

Consanants

What does manners of articulation refer to?

various ways of constricting air flow (i.e stops or fricatives)

What are the places of articulation

labial, dental, alveolar, palata, velar and glottal

Where is the glottis located?

In the larynx between the vocal folds

What occurs in the body to produce a voiced sound?

Rapid flapping of vocal folds

What occurs in the body to produce nasal sounds?

Consants are produced with velum open

What occurs in the body to produce fricative sounds?

Large amount of air from the lungs is pushed through a narrow passage resulting in a turbulent sound

What occurs in the body to produce affricate sounds?

Starts off as closure and opens into a fricative

What does front, back and central indicate for vowels?

The position of the tongue

Which vowels are round in english?

All back vowels

What is a criterial difference?

A difference in meaning as a result of the difference

What are underylying representations?

phonemes

What are surface representations?

phonetic

What are phonotactic constraints?

Constraints on a language. Words that a native speaker can intuitively tell is not real

What is morphology?

The study of complex words

What is a morpheme

A string of one or more phonemes which conveys a particular meaning

What is a free morpheme?

It can be used on its own to convey a meaning (cat)

What is a bound morepheme?

must be bound to another morpheme to convey a meaning ("s)

Where do infixes go?

Inside of morphemes

What are productive morphemes

can be freely used with new lexical items

What does lexical ambiguity mean?

The word may have multiple meanings

What is structural ambiguity mean?

The order may result in confusion

What are specifiers?

First non-head non-compliment

What are compliments

sisters of the head (head adjacent to head of a phrase)

What do noun phrases consist of?

(D)(A)N

Whats does prpositional phrase consist of?

A preposition and a noun phrase

What are isoglosses?

lines that divide areas into dialect regions

What does the isogloss represent in terms of distribution?

The mid point

What does bidialectal mean?

Same as bilingual