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9 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Innateness Hypothesis

-We are born this way


-Humans are born with the genetic predisposition to learn language



Critical Period Theory



- Birth- puberty


- Language acquired during this time tends to be native-like


- Children need language exposure during this time to develop brain structures necessary


- Evidence: "Forbidden Experiment"; Feral and Neglected Children


PROBLEMS:


- Few cases, age at rescue, genetic conditions and mental emotional trama

Imitation Theory


(Bad)

-Children learn language by listening to speech and reproducing things they hear


-Memorize words and sentences


PROBLEMS:


-Children's speech differs from adults and they can create new phrases


-This theory cannot account for how children and adults are able to produce and understand new sentences

Active Construction of a Grammar Theory


(Good)



-Children invent the rules of their grammar for themselves based on their acquired inputs


-Innate


-Explains why correcting mistakes doesn't necessarily help-- provides the correct form but not the rule


-Children have language pockets


-When children try new words its a sense of hits and misses. Their mistakes are predictable




Example: The Wug test

Social Interaction Theory


(Good)



-Children acquire language by creating neural connections in the brain between a linguistic element and concept


-Instead of developing abstract rules, children exploit statistical information from linguistic input




Example: associating the word bottle with the actual bottle



Social Interaction Theory


(Good)

-Children acquire language through interaction with other children and adults


-The way in which the older speakers talk to children plays a crucial role in how the child acquires language


- Child directed speech: slow, high-pitched, contains repetitions, simplified syntax


PROBLEMS:


-Unclear how long the child must be exposed to it


-What specific aspects of speech might be crucial



Reinforcement Theory


(Bad)

-Children are going to speak like adults because they are praised, rewarded or reinforced when they use it correctly, and correcting when they use the wrong form


PROBLEMS:


-Explicit corrections on children's grammar tend to fail


Example: Nobody doesn't like me

High Amplitude Sucking (HAS)

-Infants are given a special pacifier that is connected to a noise generating system, when they suck a noise is produced


-The more the baby sucks the more frequent the sound is produced and it determines the relationship between sucking and desire/ recognition of that particular noise


-Used to prove that infants can hear noise in the womb

Conditioned Head-Turn Procedure

-For babies between five and eighteen months


-Conditioning infants to learn to associate sound change with activation of visual reinforcers


-Testing whether the infant looks to the visual reinforcers immediately after change in sound