Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Innateness Hypothesis |
-We are born this way -Humans are born with the genetic predisposition to learn language |
|
Critical Period Theory |
- Birth- puberty - Language acquired during this time tends to be native-like - Children need language exposure during this time to develop brain structures necessary - Evidence: "Forbidden Experiment"; Feral and Neglected Children PROBLEMS: - Few cases, age at rescue, genetic conditions and mental emotional trama |
|
Imitation Theory (Bad) |
-Children learn language by listening to speech and reproducing things they hear -Memorize words and sentences PROBLEMS: -Children's speech differs from adults and they can create new phrases -This theory cannot account for how children and adults are able to produce and understand new sentences |
|
Active Construction of a Grammar Theory (Good) |
-Children invent the rules of their grammar for themselves based on their acquired inputs -Innate -Explains why correcting mistakes doesn't necessarily help-- provides the correct form but not the rule -Children have language pockets -When children try new words its a sense of hits and misses. Their mistakes are predictable Example: The Wug test |
|
Social Interaction Theory (Good) |
-Children acquire language by creating neural connections in the brain between a linguistic element and concept -Instead of developing abstract rules, children exploit statistical information from linguistic input Example: associating the word bottle with the actual bottle |
|
Social Interaction Theory (Good) |
-Children acquire language through interaction with other children and adults -The way in which the older speakers talk to children plays a crucial role in how the child acquires language - Child directed speech: slow, high-pitched, contains repetitions, simplified syntax PROBLEMS: -Unclear how long the child must be exposed to it -What specific aspects of speech might be crucial |
|
Reinforcement Theory (Bad) |
-Children are going to speak like adults because they are praised, rewarded or reinforced when they use it correctly, and correcting when they use the wrong form PROBLEMS: -Explicit corrections on children's grammar tend to fail Example: Nobody doesn't like me |
|
High Amplitude Sucking (HAS) |
-Infants are given a special pacifier that is connected to a noise generating system, when they suck a noise is produced -The more the baby sucks the more frequent the sound is produced and it determines the relationship between sucking and desire/ recognition of that particular noise -Used to prove that infants can hear noise in the womb |
|
Conditioned Head-Turn Procedure |
-For babies between five and eighteen months -Conditioning infants to learn to associate sound change with activation of visual reinforcers -Testing whether the infant looks to the visual reinforcers immediately after change in sound |