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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Morphology
The study of morphemes and how morphemes are combined to form words
Morphemes
The smallest, most basic meaning-bearing unit of language
How are morphemes represented?
In curly brackets
{cat}
How can morphemes be categorised?
- Free Morphemes
- Bound Morphemes
Free Morpheme
A free form that can occur unattached on it's own
(i.e. can be uttered and understood as a word)
Bound Morpheme
A unit that cannot occur unattached on it's own
(i.e. must be attached to other forms)
How can bound morphemes be further classified?
- Inflectional morpheme
- Derivational morpheme
What is the best know type of bound morpheme?
Affix
What are the five different types of affixes?
- Suffix
- Prefix
- Infix
- Curcumfix
- Reduplication
Suffix
A morpheme at the end of the word
Prefix
A suffix at the start of the word
Infix
A morphemes inserted somewhere in the word, such as between the first consonant and the vowel
Circumfix
A prefix AND a suffix
Reduplication
Repeating the first syllable to indicate plurality
Inflectional Morpheme
- DO NOT change the meaning of the word, but only change the shape or form
- Mark grammatical distinctions such as grammar, tense, case, gender, number
- Cannot participate in producing new lexemes
Derivational Morpheme
- SUBSTANTIALLY change the meaning of the word
- Do not just change the shape or form, but the meaning
- Produce or derive new lexemes (words)
Lexeme
A distinct word
Allolexes
Allolexes of lexemes are just different realised forms or shapes of the same word
What does an asterix indicate?
That whatever follows is grammatically incorrect
What are the 4 other ways to distinguish between inflectional and derivational morphemes?
1. Syntactic Category
2. Compute Meaning
3. Productivity and Predictability
4. Ease of use
Syntactic Category
- Inflectional = CANNOT change syntactic category
- Derivational = CAN/DOES change syntactic category
Compute Meaning
- Inflectional = can compute meaning of word from meaning of root + meaning of morpheme
- Derivational = Not as easy to compute meaning of word from meaning of root + meaning of morpheme
More learned or specialised meaning
Productivity and Predictability
- Inflectional = such morphemes can be predicted as applying to the majority of words belonging to the same category
- Derivational = such morphemes are not easily predicted as to which word will take which form
Ease of use
- Inflectional = not as easy to use freely or put into use with a new meaning
- Derivational = Come into use more easily in new ways
Allomorph
Different realisation (shape/form) of a morpheme
Complimentary Distribution
When you have one you can't have the other
Depends on different environment
What are the four steps to morphemic analysis?
1. Isolate morphemes
2. Identify their meanings
3. Recognise allomorphic distribution
4. Determine factors that have bearing on allomorphic distributions