Ling

Front 1

nouns

Back 1

-number inflection

-endings like ment, er, ness, ion, ity, ant,

-follow determiners

-follow prepositions

-modified by adjectives

- can be negated by no

-subject or object of sentence

Front 2

prepositions

Back 2

appear before nouns

Front 3

adjectives

Back 3

-negated by -un

-follow 'be'

-modify nouns

-follow less, more

Front 4

verbs

Back 4

follow subject

preceded by auxiliaries

modified by adverbs

follow to

Front 5

Adverbs

Back 5

-ly

follow less and more

not normally after the verb

Front 6

substitution test

Back 6

can be replaced by one word

Front 7

stand alone test

Back 7

can be the answer to a question

Front 8

clefting

Back 8

putting the words between 'it was/is' and 'that' then the rest of the sentence

Front 9

preposing

Back 9

words... is/was, what/who/when/where.... rest of sentence

for VP, do/does/did is added to the rest

Front 10

coordination test

Back 10

linked by a conjunction and are the same syntactic category

Front 11

topicalization

Back 11

moves a constituent to the front of the clause without any additional linking words.

Front 12

Noun phrase

Back 12

Np ->D N'

N'-> AdjP N' or N' PP or N PP

Front 13

Verb phrase

Back 13

VP -> V'

V' -> V' PP or V' AdvP or V NP

Front 14

adverb phrase

Back 14

AdvP-> Adv'

Adv' -> AdvP Adv' or Adv PP

Front 15

Adjective phrase

Back 15

AdjP-> Adj'

Adj'-> AdvP Adj'

Adj'-> Adj PP

Front 16

prepositional phrase

Back 16

PP ->P'

P' -> P' PP or AdvP P' or P NP