Ling 1010 Exam 1

Front 1

semiotics

Back 1

study of sign systems

Front 2

goal of linguistics

Back 2

provide a model or theory of the mental grammar that explains human behavior

Front 3

plato

Back 3

rationalist. all ideas are innate

Front 4

aristotle

Back 4

empiricism. all idea come from experience

Front 5

chomsky

Back 5

language is innate and develops. innateness hypothesis

Front 6

espistemiology

Back 6

study of the origin and nature of nature knowledge (nature vs nurture)

Front 7

rationalism (and rationalists)

Back 7

knowledge is INNATE.

plato, descartes, gottfriend leibriz, william james, chomsky, steven pinker

Front 8

empiricism (and empiricists)

Back 8

knowledge comes from EXPERIENCE.

artistole, john locke, george berkley, david hume, geoffrey sampson

Front 9

tacit knowledge

Back 9

innate. nature

Front 10

conscious knowledge

Back 10

learned. nurture

Front 11

"non-zero" human

Back 11

nature provides us with innate capacities at birth

Front 12

nativism

Back 12

theory that knowledge is INNATE

Front 13

tabula rasa

Back 13

blank slate

Front 14

a priori

Back 14

innate knowledge

Front 15

associatonism

Back 15

mind is composed of elements that are organized by means of association

Front 16

standard social science model (SSSM)

Back 16

the mind is a BLANK STATE

Front 17

what do visual illusions show us

Back 17

the mind creates what we see

Front 18

3 parts of the tri-level hypothesis

Back 18

functional. algorithmic. implemental

Front 19

phrenology (made by who and what it led to)

Back 19

idea that bumps on skull showed intelligence, by joseph gall. was flawed but led to jerry fodors idea of MODULARITY

Front 20

prescriptivism

Back 20

rules of how you OUGHT to speak

Front 21

descriptivism

Back 21

how people ACTUALLY speak (what linguist study)

Front 22

competence

Back 22

knowledge of language (ie. mental grammar)

Front 23

performance

Back 23

the product/perception of actual utterances

Front 24

morpheme

Back 24

arbitrary combination of form and meaning. smallest meaning unit of words

Front 25

what type of constraints does mental grammar contain

Back 25

phonological, semantical, and categorical

Front 26

what does syntax deal with

Back 26

categorical side of sentences (structure)

Front 27

accidental gap

Back 27

words that obey phonotactical rules but are fake

Front 28

systematic gap

Back 28

violates phonotactic rules (ie. bfli)

Front 29

constrative phonemes

Back 29

cause a difference in meaning

Front 30

minimal pairs

Back 30

differ by 1 phoneme

Front 31

allophones

Back 31

different sounds that are phonetically similar. DONT make a difference in meaning

Front 32

3 parts of a syllable (word)

Back 32

onset, nucleus (most have vowel), coda.

nucleus + coda = rhyme

Front 33

3 dimension of a morpheme

Back 33

category label, form (phonological structure), meaning (semantics).

Front 34

principles

Back 34

aspects of language that are universal to all humans

Front 35

parameters

Back 35

points of permitted variation across languages

Front 36

behaviorism (def and people)

Back 36

theory that behaviors can be explained thru conditioning (JB watson, BF skinner)

Front 37

mental grammar

Back 37

systems of words and mechanism that allows us to produce and understand language

Front 38

language aquisition device (LAD)

Back 38

genetically determined learning mechanism specific to learning language (aka universal grammar)

Front 39

phonology

Back 39

study of phonemes and SOUND

Front 40

semantics

Back 40

study of concepts and how they combine to form MEANING

Front 41

morphology

Back 41

study of how complex words are formed