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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Outer ear |
Pinna- amplifies sound |
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Middle ear |
Ossicles: hammer/malleus, anvil/incus, stirrup/stapes. Receive vibrations from timpanic membrane and transfer to cochlea Eustachian tube: auditory tube links nasopharynx to middle ear |
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Inner ear |
Cochlea: chambered organ that has diff cavities containing hair cells which conduct auditory vibrations. Basilar membrane: bears the corti (receptor) |
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Deaf vs deaf |
Deaf: anyone who ids as part of the Deaf community and shares in Deaf culture. deaf: audiological condition involving lack of hearing |
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Conductive hearing loss |
Results from abnornatilities of the external ear and/or ossicles of middle ear |
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Sensorineural hearing loss |
Results from malfunction of inner ear structures (e.g. cochlea) |
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Mixed hearing loss |
Combo of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss |
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Central auditory dysfunction |
Results from damage or dysfunction at the level of the 8th cranial nerve, auditory brain stem, or cerebral cortex |
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Prelingual deafness |
Present before speech develops. All congenital healing loss is prelingual, but not all prelingual hearing loss is congenital |
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Postlingual hearing loss |
Occurs after development of normal speech |
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Genetic deafness |
50% of all prelingual deaf children (1/1000 kids are prelingually deaf) |
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Non syndromic and syndromic deafness |
Part of genetic deafness: non syndromic = 70% of genetic deafness. Syndromic (i.e. waardenburgs) = 30% of genetic deafness |
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Non-genetic deafness |
25% of all prelingual deaf children |
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Idiopathic deafness |
25% of all prelingual deaf children. Idiopathic = disease which arises spontaneously for unknown causes |
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Vocoded speech |
A representation of what speech sounds like with a cochlear implant |
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Thomas Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc |
Established Connecticut asylum for the education and instruction of the Deaf and dumb. Gallaudet was sent on a mission to educate deaf daughter of neighbor. Was snubbed by British oral school. Met sicard (director of royal institution for deaf in paris) Clerc was one of Sicards students. Clerc was a deaf teacher from Paris school. Children used natural FSL Outside of class. |
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Auditory brain stem implant |
Exploratory technology to directly stimulate brainstem-auditory pathway. Bypasses cochlea and auditory.nerve. provides sound awareness, but not speech in most cases. Undergoing FDA approval |
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Cochlear implant |
Direct stimulation of cochlea via electrical signals. Requires processing algorithms to turn sound into electrical impulses. |
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BAHA |
uses bone conduction to by-pass malformed peripheral ear canal/Middle ear |
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Conventional hearing aides |
Amplify sound |
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Newborn hearing infant screening |
50 states and 6 territories have newborn hearing screening. 1.6 per 1000 screened have hearing loss. 40% will receive cochlear implant and 60% will receive hearing aides. |
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ASL acquisition |
ASL is a natural language. Acquisition milestones similar to spoken Lang. 8-12 months = first sign. 18 months = small utterances. Baby talk grammatical errors take place. |
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Sensorineural hearing loss etiology |
Hearing loss in inner ear. Prevents, reduces, or distorts sounds from auditory cortex. Generally permanent. Most commonly caused by old age |
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Meningitis |
Swelling or inflammation of the protective membranes of the brain and spinal cord. Bacterial and viral. Bacterial = most common cause of deafness. Progresses v quickly (~48 hrs) |
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Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder |
Transmission of signals from inner ear to brain is impaired. Hearing loss ranges from mild to severe. Treated with hearing aides or cochlear implants |
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Padden and Humphries |
Deaf community: particular group of deaf people who share ASL and a culture. Deaf culture: share beliefs about themselves and their connection to larger society and share ASL. shared knowledge, beliefs and practices. Milan conference: 1880 world conference for the Deaf in which the reform was made to ban signed languages in schools throughout Europe and instead instate the oral method of education. |