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68 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

what are the three kinds of light?

ambient (general), focal (task), sparkle (glitter)

what is the definition of light?

"visually evaluated radiant energy"


-measured in lumens


-energy transmitted by radiation

how much light is seen by the human eye on the electromagnetic spectrum?

380-770 nanometers

uniform, peripheral light make the perception of ______________?

spaciousness

non-uniform wall lighting and warm sources make the perception of _____________?

relaxation

low levels of illumination and non uniform distribution patters create the perception of ______?

privacy

non-uniform with peripheral emphasis create the perception of ____________?

pleasantness

increasing illuminance and the ratio of luminance between focal point and background make the perception of ______________?

attention

Seasonal Affective Disorder is treated with how many lux levels?

2000 - 10,000

name 5 design strategies for lighting

1. pendant direct/indirect


2. cove lighting


3. wall washing


4. indirect light coffers


5. recessed lighting

what type of light would be expressed by a point?

glitter or sparkle

how can a 2D outline be emphasized with lighting?

by backlighting or silhouetting

which type of light has longer wavelengths?

incandescent light

what colors are used for additive color mixing?

red, green, blue

what colors are used for subtractive color mixing?

magenta, yellow, cyan

what does CRI stand for?

Color Rendering Index

what is the ideal CRI?

100

what does CT stand for?

Color Temperature

What is color temperature measured in?

Kelvin, and is between 2500 (warm) - 5000 (cool)

what is light output?

lumens or footcandles

what is candlepower?

candela (cd) or watt (w)

what does lumens/watt measure?

light efficacy

what lamp has the best light efficiency?

low pressure sodium lamp

name two advantages and two disadvantages of incandescent lightbulbs

A: good color rendering and can be dimmed


D: less optical control and short life

name two advantages and two disadvantages of tungsten halogen lamps

A: high color rendition and long life


D: not very efficient and need a transformer

name two advantages and two disadvantages of infrared halogen lamps

A: lower energy costs and more visible light generated for each watt consumed


D: low voltage lamps need a transformer and they cannot be used in residential settings

name two advantages and two disadvantages of fluorescent lamps

A: improved efficacy and longer life


D: limited outdoor use and flicker

name two advantages and disadvantages of HID lamps

A: they are the most efficient lamp and have a long life


D: used mostly outdoors and difficult to dim

name two advantages and disadvantages of HID Mercury Vapor lamps

A: good life and used outdoors


D: greenish color when used and overall economic cost is not good

name two advantages and disadvantages of HID Metal Halide lamps

A: good CRI and high efficiency


D: only for commercial use and it takes them a while to turn on

name two advantages and disadvantages of Ceramic Metal Halide lamps

A: good color stability and good efficiency


D: minimal color spread and short life

name two advantages and disadvantages of High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps

A: long life and most lumens/watt


D: poor color rendition and difficult to control light

name two advantages and disadvantages of LED's

A: energy efficient and light weight


D: hard to dim and not as good color rendering

what are the 4 methods of lighting control?

1. absorbtion


2. reflection


3. transmission


4. refraction

what are the 5 lighting metrics?

1. Luminous Flux


2. Illuminance


3. Luminous Intensity


4. Luminance


5. Luminous Extance

what does the task layer of lighting address?

critical seeing

what does the focal layer of lighting address?

for accent, drama, and contrast

what does decorative lighting address?

comfort, style, motif, tradition....

what is light emitted in all directions by a source?

flux


-measured in lumens

what is the density of light at any given point on a surface called?

illuminance

what is the illuminance equation?

E = (incident flux) / a (area)

what is the total quantity of light emitted, reflected or transmitted in all directions from a surface?

exitance

what is the formula for exitance?

flux / area

what is the light that is reflected from a surface in a given direction?

luminance

what is the equation for luminance?

intensity/area


-measure in candelas

what does the point method use?

inverse square law


E = I/d2

what lamps are filament lamps?

incandescent and tungsten- halogen

what two examples of discharge lamps?

fluorescent and HID

what does CIE describe?

the color of a light source

what is the temperature of warm fluorescent light in kelvins on the CCT diagram?

3000 K

what is the temperature of cool fluorescent light in kelvins on the CCT diagram?

4500 K

what is the highest CCT?

8500 K - Daylight

what is the lowest CCT?

2200 K - High Pressure Sodium

what would a wise lighting designer choose for lighting temperature (K) and CRI?

between 3000-3500 and 70 + CRI

when do you use low CCTs?

warm palettes


mood


combo of incandescent and fluorescent

when do you use high CCTs?

cool palettes


mood not highest priority


combo of daylight and fluorescent

What are the only two factors which affect brightness?

QUANTITY OF ILLUMINANCE AND REFLECTANCE

What is illuminance measured in?

foot-candles

the receptors that helps us see color and detail are?

cones

what type of light would you use in a warehouse?

metal-halide

what is one advantage of halogen lamps?

longer life than incandescent

what are metrics for illuminance ?

foot-candle, lux, lumen/square foot

a luminaire that produces 90-100% uplight has the CIE classification of...

indirect

what is angle of incidence?

the actual rays of light whichleave the luminaire before they strike anobject/surface

Luminance (l)

a unit of measurement thatindicates the amount of light in the eyes ofusers of a space AFTER REFLECTION orTRANSMISSION FROM A SURFACE

what kind of lighting accents the shape of an object?

back lighting

wall washing

light aimedback at a surface to minimize surface texture


-To minimize surface roughness via aiming the sour ce so it “washes down” the surface

grazing

light is close toparallel of the surface tohighlight surface textureand/or roughness


-To accent surface roughness via aiming the source close to parallel to the surface