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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the three kinds of light? |
ambient (general), focal (task), sparkle (glitter) |
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what is the definition of light? |
"visually evaluated radiant energy" -measured in lumens -energy transmitted by radiation |
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how much light is seen by the human eye on the electromagnetic spectrum? |
380-770 nanometers |
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uniform, peripheral light make the perception of ______________? |
spaciousness |
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non-uniform wall lighting and warm sources make the perception of _____________? |
relaxation |
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low levels of illumination and non uniform distribution patters create the perception of ______? |
privacy |
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non-uniform with peripheral emphasis create the perception of ____________? |
pleasantness |
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increasing illuminance and the ratio of luminance between focal point and background make the perception of ______________? |
attention |
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Seasonal Affective Disorder is treated with how many lux levels? |
2000 - 10,000 |
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name 5 design strategies for lighting |
1. pendant direct/indirect 2. cove lighting 3. wall washing 4. indirect light coffers 5. recessed lighting |
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what type of light would be expressed by a point? |
glitter or sparkle |
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how can a 2D outline be emphasized with lighting? |
by backlighting or silhouetting |
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which type of light has longer wavelengths? |
incandescent light |
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what colors are used for additive color mixing? |
red, green, blue |
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what colors are used for subtractive color mixing? |
magenta, yellow, cyan |
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what does CRI stand for? |
Color Rendering Index |
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what is the ideal CRI? |
100 |
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what does CT stand for? |
Color Temperature |
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What is color temperature measured in? |
Kelvin, and is between 2500 (warm) - 5000 (cool) |
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what is light output? |
lumens or footcandles |
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what is candlepower? |
candela (cd) or watt (w) |
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what does lumens/watt measure? |
light efficacy |
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what lamp has the best light efficiency? |
low pressure sodium lamp |
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name two advantages and two disadvantages of incandescent lightbulbs |
A: good color rendering and can be dimmed D: less optical control and short life |
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name two advantages and two disadvantages of tungsten halogen lamps |
A: high color rendition and long life D: not very efficient and need a transformer |
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name two advantages and two disadvantages of infrared halogen lamps |
A: lower energy costs and more visible light generated for each watt consumed D: low voltage lamps need a transformer and they cannot be used in residential settings |
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name two advantages and two disadvantages of fluorescent lamps |
A: improved efficacy and longer life D: limited outdoor use and flicker |
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name two advantages and disadvantages of HID lamps |
A: they are the most efficient lamp and have a long life D: used mostly outdoors and difficult to dim |
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name two advantages and disadvantages of HID Mercury Vapor lamps |
A: good life and used outdoors D: greenish color when used and overall economic cost is not good |
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name two advantages and disadvantages of HID Metal Halide lamps |
A: good CRI and high efficiency D: only for commercial use and it takes them a while to turn on |
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name two advantages and disadvantages of Ceramic Metal Halide lamps |
A: good color stability and good efficiency D: minimal color spread and short life |
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name two advantages and disadvantages of High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps |
A: long life and most lumens/watt D: poor color rendition and difficult to control light |
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name two advantages and disadvantages of LED's |
A: energy efficient and light weight D: hard to dim and not as good color rendering |
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what are the 4 methods of lighting control? |
1. absorbtion 2. reflection 3. transmission 4. refraction |
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what are the 5 lighting metrics? |
1. Luminous Flux 2. Illuminance 3. Luminous Intensity 4. Luminance 5. Luminous Extance |
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what does the task layer of lighting address? |
critical seeing |
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what does the focal layer of lighting address? |
for accent, drama, and contrast |
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what does decorative lighting address? |
comfort, style, motif, tradition.... |
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what is light emitted in all directions by a source? |
flux -measured in lumens |
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what is the density of light at any given point on a surface called? |
illuminance |
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what is the illuminance equation? |
E = (incident flux) / a (area) |
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what is the total quantity of light emitted, reflected or transmitted in all directions from a surface? |
exitance |
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what is the formula for exitance? |
flux / area |
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what is the light that is reflected from a surface in a given direction? |
luminance |
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what is the equation for luminance? |
intensity/area -measure in candelas |
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what does the point method use? |
inverse square law E = I/d2 |
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what lamps are filament lamps? |
incandescent and tungsten- halogen |
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what two examples of discharge lamps? |
fluorescent and HID |
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what does CIE describe? |
the color of a light source |
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what is the temperature of warm fluorescent light in kelvins on the CCT diagram? |
3000 K |
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what is the temperature of cool fluorescent light in kelvins on the CCT diagram? |
4500 K |
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what is the highest CCT? |
8500 K - Daylight |
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what is the lowest CCT? |
2200 K - High Pressure Sodium |
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what would a wise lighting designer choose for lighting temperature (K) and CRI? |
between 3000-3500 and 70 + CRI |
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when do you use low CCTs? |
warm palettes mood combo of incandescent and fluorescent |
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when do you use high CCTs? |
cool palettes mood not highest priority combo of daylight and fluorescent |
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What are the only two factors which affect brightness? |
QUANTITY OF ILLUMINANCE AND REFLECTANCE |
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What is illuminance measured in? |
foot-candles |
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the receptors that helps us see color and detail are? |
cones |
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what type of light would you use in a warehouse? |
metal-halide |
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what is one advantage of halogen lamps? |
longer life than incandescent |
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what are metrics for illuminance ? |
foot-candle, lux, lumen/square foot |
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a luminaire that produces 90-100% uplight has the CIE classification of... |
indirect |
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what is angle of incidence? |
the actual rays of light whichleave the luminaire before they strike anobject/surface |
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Luminance (l) |
a unit of measurement thatindicates the amount of light in the eyes ofusers of a space AFTER REFLECTION orTRANSMISSION FROM A SURFACE |
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what kind of lighting accents the shape of an object? |
back lighting |
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wall washing |
light aimedback at a surface to minimize surface texture -To minimize surface roughness via aiming the sour ce so it “washes down” the surface |
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grazing |
light is close toparallel of the surface tohighlight surface textureand/or roughness -To accent surface roughness via aiming the source close to parallel to the surface |