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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is reflexive behavior?
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Coughing, blinking, and seeking nipple when their cheeks are touched.
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What is inherited behavior?
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Programmed behavior which is performed without prior experience.
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What are motor skills?
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A skill required for proper usage of the skeletal muscles. (crawling and walking)
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What are neurons?
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Nerve cells of the central nervous system.
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What are Axons?
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Nerve fibers that transmit impulses from neurons to dendrites.
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What are Dendrites?
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Nerve fibers that connect neurons and receive impulses transmitted from one neuron to another via their axons.
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Physiological states are?
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referring to levels of physiological arousal. (quiet sleep, alert wakefulness)
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What is quiet sleep?
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Breathing is slow and regular.
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What is Active sleep?
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Facial muscles move and breathing is somewhat irregular with some rapid breathing.
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What is Alert Wakefulness?
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Breathing is regular and the infants eyes are bright.
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What is active crying?
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The process of shedding tears, accompanied with sobs or other inarticulate sounds.
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What is the breathing reflex?
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Maintains the proper oxygen level for the infant. (hiccups, spit-ups and sneezes help coordinate breathing, swallowing and sucking)
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What is the sucking reflex?
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Assists in feeding. Infants will suck anything that touches their mouths.
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What is the rooting reflex?
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Helps infants find a nipple by automatically turning their heads and sucking when something brushes their cheek.
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What is the Moro Reflex (Startle Reflex)?
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When startled the infant will fling their arms outward and then pulls them back to their chest.
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What is the Babinski reflex?
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When feet are touched and stroked the big toe will turn inward and the others fan out.
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What is the Plantar reflex?
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Toe flexion when the sole of the foot is gently stroked.
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What is the stepping reflex?
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Flexion and extension of the legs when held up erect.
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What is the tonic neck reflex?
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When the head is turned to one side the arm they are facing extends out and opposite are curls upward into a fencing stance.
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What is the Palmar reflex?
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Causes the baby to grasp anything placed in the palm.
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What is the swimming reflex?
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Allows baby's to hold their breath and tread when slowly lowered under the water.
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What is habituation?
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Getting used to an experience after repeated exposure to it.
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What is Marasmus?
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Not getting the nourishment they need to sustain life. Lack of growth, wasting of body tissue and even death.
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What is kwashiorkor?
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Lack of protein. Bloating in the face, legs and abdomen. Hair also becomes colorless and brittle.
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What is protein calorie malnutrition?
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Most serious and most common form of lack of nourishment.
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Explain Piaget's stages of cognitive development during the Sensory Motor Period.
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Stage 1. Circular reactions. birth to 1 month. Develops reflexes such as suckling, grasping, etc.
Stage 2. Circular reactions. 1-4 months. First acquires adaptation-assimilation and coordination of reflexes. Stage 3. Secondary circular reactions. 4-8 months. Develops awareness of things, people and objects. Stage 4. Secondary circular reactions. 8-12 months. Forms new adaptations and anticipations of actions(more deliberate actions). Stage 5. Tertiary circular reactions. 12-18 months. Discovery of new ways to produce the same consequence or goal through experimenting. Stage 6. Tertiary circular reactions. 18-24 months. Evidence of an internal representational system. problem solving and then responding. |
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What does reversal describe?
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Allows babies to reverse the situation (pull the plush animal out from under a blanket)
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What is a schema?
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A mental model that an infant forms to help make sense of the characteristics of people, objects, events and situations.
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What is assimilation?
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Fitting information into their current schema.
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What is accommodation?
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Revising their schema's to fit new information.
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What is object permanence?
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The awareness that objects exist even though they may no longer be in view.
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What is intermodal perception?
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The ability to associate info from one sense (hearing) with information from another (vision).
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What is cross-modal perception?
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The ability to use info from one sensory modality to imagine something in another.
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What are the stages of language acquisition?
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1. Cooing- Up to 6 months. Infants coo using all the phonomes from every language.
2. Babbling- 4to6 months. Selectively use the phonemes from their native language. 3. One-word Utterances- 12 months. Start using words. 4. Telegraphic speech- 2yo. Start making multi-word utterances that lack function words. 5. Normal speech- 5-6yo. Children have almost normal speech. |
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What is motherese?
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Baby talk that is high pitched with a simplified vocabulary, shorter sentences and low to high fluctuations.
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What is ethnological perspective?
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Belief that many behaviors and emotions of humans can adapt for survival of the species.
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What is stranger wary?
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At six months children become afraid of unfamiliar people.
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What is Separation anxiety?
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Infants fear of being separated from the caregiver. At about 9 months old.
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What is personality?
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Unique patterns of thoughts and behaviors.
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What is temperament?
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The consistent, basic disposition that is an inherent part of a person. Regulates their reactivity, emotionality, and sociability. Can be easy going, slow to warm up or difficult.
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What is Bonding and Attachment?
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Bonding is the emotional tie a parent feels toward a child.
Attachment is the relationship between the infant and parent that builds and changes over time. |
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Describe securely attached.
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Babies comfortable playing with stranger around. When mother returned baby went to her and calmed down after hug then went back to play.
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Describe Insecurely attached avoidant.
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Babies didnt care if mother was there. Stranger could comfort them. when mother returned baby ignored her.
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Describe Insecurely attached resistant.
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Babies stayed close to mother. anxious and nervous. Severely upset when mother left and unable to console when she returned.
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Describe Insecurely attached disoriented.
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Unsure how to behave. display disorganized behavior toward mother.
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Describe Autonomous?
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Adults who believe that attachment are important and who can discuss them objectively, no matter their past experiences.
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Describe Dismissing?
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Adults who place no value on attachments in their lives and who idealize their parents with no concrete examples to reinforce this thought.
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Describe Preoccupied?
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Adults who are preoccupied with the past and who cannot discuss their past attachments without emotion especially about their parents.
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Describe Unresolved?
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Adults who cannot deal with their past attachments and who may be coping with the loss of a parent.
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