Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
As a baby and young child, you went through the stages of |
Natural Language Acquisition |
|
|
In the ____ stage, you used two or three word sentences to say everything you needed to say. You left off articles, pronouns, and prepositions. |
telegraphic |
|
|
In the _____ stage, you used one word sentences |
holographic |
|
|
Sometimes, you applied a rule everywhere, even places where it didn't apply. This tendency is called |
overgeneralization |
|
|
A person learning a new language as an adult goes through a process called |
Second Language Acquisition |
|
|
T or F: No one taught you your native language |
T |
|
|
T or F: Human beings are pre-wired for language |
T |
|
|
T or F: It takes a person about twelve years to master the sound system of his/her native language |
F |
|
|
T or F: It is more difficult to learn a second language than a first language |
T |
|
|
T or F: Humans learn sounds in their order of difficulty |
T |
|
|
Stage 1 of natural language acquisition |
silent period |
|
|
Stage 2 of natural language acquisition |
babbling stage |
|
|
Stage 3 of natural language acquisition |
holophrastic stage |
|
|
Stage 4 of natural language acquisition |
telegraphic stage |
|
|
Stage 5 of natural language acquisition |
adult capacity |
|
|
name the 3 major regional dialects in the United States |
General American Dialect, New England Dialect, and Southern Dialect |
|
|
What 3 types of dialects do many people speak? |
regional, ethnic, and social |
|
|
What regional dialect is closest to Standard English? |
General American |
|
|
Dialects differ from one another in what aspects of language? |
pronunciation and vocabulary |
|
|
African American Vernacular, Chicano English, and Cajun English are examples of ____ dialects |
ethnic |
|
|
Teenagers tend to use their own special language with each other. This language is an example of a ___ dialect |
social |
|
|
____ is informal language used by members of a social group |
Slang |
|
|
___ is technical vocabulary used in particular professions. |
Jargon |
|
|
agreed on ways to use language in different situations |
usage |
|
|
a common way of defining and using words |
vocabulary |
|
|
a common way of clearly expressing sentences |
grammar |
|
|
a common way of speaking and reading words |
pronunciation |
|
|
a common way of writing words |
spelling |
|
|
capitalization and punctuation rules |
conventions |
|
|
_______ is the language of education and literacy |
Standard English |
|
|
_________ is expected in the workplace |
Standard English |
|
|
________ helps to "bridge" differences in how people use language |
Standard English |
|
|
language used for everyday conversations in public places |
informal |
|
|
language that follows a specific form |
formal |
|
|
language that uses some colloquialism and slang |
colloquial |
|
|
language that uses precise vocabulary |
formal |
|
|
language used for ceremonies and other important occasions |
formal |
|
|
language used in casual settings |
colloquial |
|
|
Standard English without precise vocabulary or specific form |
informal |
|
|
"This is my buddy John" what type of language is this? |
colloquial |
|
|
"I'd like you to meet John and Betty Smith." what type of language is this? |
informal |
|
|
"please allow me to introduce Mr. and Mrs. Sterling Baughm" what type of language is this? |
formal |
|
|
A variety of nonstandard English spoken by members of a regional, ethnic, or social group is called a(n) |
dialect |
|
|
a tendency to apply a rule of grammar at all times is a type of |
overgeneralization |
|
|
technical language from the workplace or specialized fields of knowledge is called |
jargon |
|
|
in natural language acquisition, single words serve as complete sentences in the |
holophrastic stage |
|
|
Is making errors in language learning a sign of progress? |
yes |
|
|
The main differences among dialects are found in ___ and ___ |
pronunciation and vocabulary |
|
|
Jargon and slang are both |
Standard english |
|
|
attempts to slow or halt language change |
language fixing |
|
|
believed that language change was the result of language corruption |
language purists |
|
|
scholars who set standards for how language should be used |
grammarians |
|
|
Dictionary of the English Language |
Johnson's dictionary |
|
|
the use of literary texts to establish context for definitions of words |
historical method |
|
|
history of a word |
etymology |
|
|
American Dictionary of the English Language |
Webster's language |
|
|
the science of dictionary making |
lexicography |
|
|
a record of the way in which language is actually used |
descriptive |
|
|
a record of scholarly opinion regarding how language should be used |
prescriptive |
|
|
the ultimate authority in the descriptive-historical tradition |
Oxford English Dictionary |
|
|
Johnson's or Webster's: dictionary was a grammarian's attempt to keep the language from "decaying" |
Johnson's |
|
|
Johnson's or Webster's: dictionary set standard for American english |
Webster's |
|
|
Johnson's or Webster's: dictionary represented the language of an educated elite |
Johnson's |
|
|
Johnson's or Webster's: dictionary set a standard for British english |
Johnson's |
|
|
Johnson's or Webster's: dictionary was the first to make a wide-spread use of etymology |
Webster's |
|
|
Johnson's or Webster's: dictionary represented the language of a broad base of educated people |
Webster's |
|
|
Johnson's or Webster's: dictionary was the first to use the historical method |
Johnson's |
|
|
Johnson's or Webster's: modeled patriotism and Christian conduct |
Webster's |
|
|
descriptions of the "status" of a word |
usage |
|
|
function of a word in a sentence |
part of speech |
|
|
the word as it appears in other forms, correctly spelled |
alternate form |
|
|
the word as it should be pronounced with phonetic symbols guiding pronunciation |
respelling |
|
|
Johnson's or Webster's or both: dictionaries help purify th language and stop language change |
Johnson |
|
|
Johnson's or Webster's or both: dictionaries are always prescriptive |
Johnson |
|
|
Johnson's or Webster's or both: dictionaries are always descriptive |
Webster's |
|
|
Johnson's or Webster's or both: the best writers and speakers should serve as authority on matters of usage |
both |
|
|
Johnson's or Webster's or both: definitions should be derived through the historical method |
both |
|
|
Johnson's or Webster's or both: "Tongues, like governments…" |
Johnson's |
|
|
Johnson's or Webster's or both: General custom or universal undisputed practice should serve as authority for usage |
Webster's |
|
|
the words of a language |
lexicon |
|
|
a dictionary containing all the words of a language |
unabridged |
|
|
rules for using a language |
usage guidelines |
|
|
List the parts of the dictionary in order: |
entry word, respelling, part of speech, alternate form, etymology, definition, synonyms, and illustrative quote |
|
|
Is an unchanging language a dead one? |
yes |
|
|
____ language is used for everyday purposes |
ordinary |
|
|
______ language appeals to the senses |
poetic |
|
|
________ uses technical jargon |
scientific |
|
|
____ texts use strict form, precise vocabulary, and ___ language |
Technical and scientific |
|
|
_______ texts are creative and imaginative "art forms" due in part to their use of ___ language |
literary and poetic |
|
|
_____ texts inform a reader or guide him in completing a process. these texts usually use ____ language |
informational and ordinary |
|
|
A ___ is a "product encyclopedia" |
user guide |
|
|
A ___ establishes a legal relationship between the buyer and seller |
license agreement |
|
|
A ___ is an invitation to purchase |
product advertisement |
|
|
A _______ handles regular communication between the buyer and seller |
business letter |
|
|
highly descriptive language that appeals to the senses |
imagery |
|
|
often non-literal (poetic) language used in literary texts to paint mental pictures and spark the imaginations |
figurative language |
|
|
figurative language making an implied (subtle) comparison of two unlike things |
metaphor |
|
|
figurative language making direct comparison of to unlike things using "like" or "as" |
simile |
|
|
figurative language which gives human qualities to nonhuman things |
personification |
