Life Span Development 2

Front 1

Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles. Researchers call this type of smiling:

Back 1

B. social smiling.

Front 2

When Josh was dropped off at preschool on the very first day of class, he was quite upset. He cried for along time and would not play with the other children. What type of temperament does Josh have?

Back 2

C. difficult

Front 3

Quimby, age 15 months, looks to her mother to see if she should be afraid of the stranger who has come toher home. Quimby relaxes when she sees her mother smiling and speaking to the stranger in a calm voice. Quimby is engaging in:

Back 3

C. social referencing.

Front 4

In the Strange Situation, Latoya basically ignored her mother, was not upset when she left the room, and didnot seek her out when she returned. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as:

Back 4

B. insecure avoidant.

Front 5

In the Strange Situation, Cameron did not explore the playroom, clung to his mother when she was in theroom, and was very upset when she left the room. When she returned, he appeared to be ambivalent—both wanting to be comforted by his mother, but pushing her away when she attempted to do so. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Cameron as:

Back 5

C. insecure resistant.

Front 6

In the Strange Situation, Jermaine used his mother as "secure base" as he actively explored the playroom.Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Jermaine as:

Back 6

A. securely attached.

Front 7

Monsena is an independent and adventurous child who likes to explore new places in her environment.However, her mother is overly controlling and rigid. Developmental psychologists would say that a discus-sion of this discrepancy concerns:

Back 7

A. goodness of fit.

Front 8

Betty and Allen's child, Cara, is usually in a pleasant mood. She has a regular routine but can adapt tochanges with ease. Cara would be classified as a(n):

Back 8

B. easy child.

Front 9

A mother hands her baby a rattle, saying, "Here you are." She then gently takes the rattle away, smiling andsaying, "Thank you." She does this repeatedly, letting the baby keep the rattle for several seconds each time and encouraging the baby to offer the rattle. Eventually, the baby takes the rattle, holds it for a few seconds, and then holds it out to her mother and smiles. This is an example of:

Back 9

B. scaffolding.

Front 10

Sanjay and Ryan are 4-year-old friends. When they are together, they often wrestle, run, race, push, andshove each other. Although their level of activity often aggravates their parents, we know that this activity will:

Back 10

A. help the boys develop gross motor skills.

Front 11

Ingrid, 6, loves to make little books by drawing pictures and putting in words to describe them. She hasformed stable concepts and has started to reason. At the same time, she is egocentric and holds what her parents describe as "magical beliefs." Ingrid is in Piaget's _____ of development.

Back 11

D. preoperational stage

Front 12

While talking with Grandma on the phone, little Marcelo suddenly exclaims, "Oh, look at that pretty bird!"When his grandmother asks him to describe the bird, Marcelo says, "Out there, out there! Right there, Grandma!" He finally gets frustrated and hangs up. This is an example of:

Back 12

B. egocentrism.

Front 13

Howie and his little sister, Stephie, are each given one large cookie. Their mother breaks Stephie's cookieinto four pieces to help her eat it more easily. Howie immediately begins to cry and says that it isn't fair for Stephie to get so many cookies when he only has one. Howie is showing a lack of:

Back 13

B. conservation.

Front 14

Shantal is taking a test where she hears a random list of numbers, which she is then asked to repeat in theright order. Shantal is having her _____ tested.

Back 14

D. short-term memory span

Front 15

A young child might be heard saying, "That tree pushed the leaf off and it fell down." The child's belief thatthe tree is capable of action is referred to as ___.

Back 15

C. animism

Front 16

Peach, 3, can do 4-piece jigsaw puzzles on her own, but needs her parents' help to do 6-piece jigsaw puz-zles. Which of the following represents the upper limit of Peach's zone of proximal development (ZPD) for solving such puzzles?

Back 16

B. Peach doing a 6-piece puzzle on her own.

Front 17

Over the past week, Vicky has been trying to learn to tie his shoelaces. Initially his mother was holding hishands and working his fingers through the process, but now that Vicky's gotten better at it, she only guides him verbally. This is an instance of:

Back 17

C. scaffolding.

Front 18

Gina is showing a number of behaviors different from children her age, including deficits in social interactionand communication as well as repetitive behaviors or interests. She is indifferent toward others and prefers to be alone. She is more interested in objects than people. It is likely that she suffers from ___, a condition linked to genetic and brain abnormalities.

Back 18

D. autism

Front 19

Developmental psychologists would describe Jennifer as an "emotion-dismissing" parent. It is likely that shewould also be described as:

Back 19

B. a "rejecting" parent.

Front 20

Jerome, 6, and Hani, 10, get up early on Saturday morning and decide to make "breakfast in bed" for theirmother. While reaching for the bed tray in the back of the hall cabinet, they accidentally break one of their mother's favorite porcelain dolls. Jerome knows that he's going to get into "big trouble." Hani tells him not to worry because Mom would understand that it was an accident. In what stage would Jean Piaget categorize the moral reasoning of Jerome and Hani?

Back 20

B. Jerome—heteronomous morality; Hani—autonomous morality

Front 21

Dante is a 10-year-old who likes to play soccer during recess. One day a friend teaches him a different setof rules about the game that Dante accepts. He now plays soccer in a new way. Dante is in which stage of moral development?

Back 21

A. Autonomous morality

Front 22

Suzie, 3, has to eat everything on her plate at dinner or her father punishes her by sending her to bed with-out dinner the next day. Suzie also has strict schedules for playing, television, and studying, and any dis-obedience leads to spanking and punishments. Suzie's father is most likely a(n):

Back 22

A. authoritarian parent.

Front 23

Josh's mother makes his favorite food—burgers, fries, and pizza—every night for dinner. His mother letsJosh play as much as he wants to, study only when he feels like it and imposes no fixed bedtime. Josh's mom is most likely a(n):

Back 23

C. indulgent parent.

Front 24

Ursula is allowed to set her own schedules for playtime and for studying. Her mother drives her to her balletclasses and soccer practice. However, Ursula needs to keep her grades up and must go to bed early on most weeknights. Ursula's mom is most likely a(n):

Back 24

B. authoritative parent.

Front 25

Bernard just brought home his report card and placed it on the television set. Bernard told his dad that hewas required to bring the card back to school tomorrow with the signature of one of his parents. Bernard's dad told him to move out of the way because he could not see the TV set. The next morning, Bernard found his report card where he left it, unsigned. He signed his dad's name and put it in his backpack. Bernard's dad is most likely a(n):

Back 25

D. neglectful parent.

Front 26

Misha has been sent to his room for hitting his baby sister. His mother will come in and talk to him about whyhe cannot treat his sister this way and about other, more acceptable ways for him to express his anger. Which parenting style does this exemplify?

Back 26

B. Authoritative

Front 27

Four-year old Becky has just hit her sister, again. What should Becky's mom do? Most developmental psy-chologists would suggest:

Back 27

B. explaining to Becky that "hitting hurts"; she is old enough to understand the consequences of her behav-ior for others.

Front 28

Four-year-old Melody is throwing a tantrum because her mother told her that she could not stay up late withher older sister to watch television. Melody's mother said, "I can see that you are angry, but your bedtime is 8:00. We can read a book together in bed to help you calm down." Compared to her peers, Melody is more likely to:

Back 28

D. be better at self-soothing when she does not get her way.

Front 29

Gertrude, 9, has been placed in the 98th percentile in terms of her BMI. Her doctor would likely tell her par-ents that she is:

Back 29

D. obese.

Front 30

Damon's teachers frequently complain that he disrupts his kindergarten class by fidgeting and moving aboutall the time. He doesn't pay any attention to what is being taught in class and behaves impulsively. Consider-ing the presence of the tell-tale characteristics of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, Damon's pedia-trician diagnosed him with _____ and put him on a combination of Ritalin and behavior therapy.

Back 30

A. ADHD

Front 31

Luis is able to organize coins in a row from the largest in size to the smallest. His newfound ability is called____.

Back 31

B. seriation

Front 32

"What would you do if you could be invisible for a day?" This is an example of a question that has many pos-sible answers and fosters _____ thinking.

Back 32

A. divergent

Front 33

Paul has an IQ of 68. He lives in his own apartment and supports himself with a job. He has many friends,goes bowling, and eats out frequently. He has no difficulty adapting to everyday life. According to the definition of mental retardation, Paul is:

Back 33

B. mildly retarded.

Front 34

Julio cannot get his science project to work. In fact, it seems to him that nothing he makes ever works prop-erly. According to Erik Erikson, Julio is at risk for developing a sense of:

Back 34

B. inferiority.

Front 35

Tiesha's behavior is controlled by external rewards and punishments reflecting which level of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Back 35

A. preconventional reasoning

Front 36

A person is arrested for stealing company documents and says, "Yes, I did steal the documents, and I amwilling to go to jail for it. These documents prove that the company was engaging in a cover-up of the unsafe properties of its chemical. I think the public has a right to know about it." Lawrence Kohlberg would classify this person as using _____ morality.

Back 36

D. postconventional

Front 37

Jeff is independent, flexible, cheerful, friendly, assertive, tactful, comfortable with making decisions, sensi-tive to the feelings of others, and sympathetic. Jeff can best be described as __.

Back 37

C. androgynous

Front 38

Blanca is a "bully," and no one likes to play with her. Which of the following is Blanca's probable sociometricstatus?

Back 38

C. rejected

Front 39

Ms. Chang is trying to prepare her health-class students for the onset of puberty. What should she tell theboys that they are likely to experience first?

Back 39

C. Increased penis size

Front 40

Thirteen-year-old Grace's blood tests indicate that her levels of testosterone are about twice as high as theywere a few years ago, and that her estradiol levels are about eight times higher than earlier. Grace is most likely experiencing:

Back 40

A. normal changes during puberty.

Front 41

Katie weighs less than 85 percent of what is considered normal for her age and height. Yet, she sees herselfas too fat and starves to become thinner. Katie seems to be suffering from:

Back 41

A. anorexia nervosa.

Front 42

Jordan is trying to lose weight but finds it hard to resist her favorite food like pizza and burgers. So for thepast several months, she has been making up for her eating binges by vomiting immediately after a meal or by purging with laxatives. Jordan could be suffering from:

Back 42

B. bulimia nervosa.

Front 43

"What if the sun were to explode?" says Arlene. "But it never has," replies Janis. "But what if it did?" insistsAlene. "But it never has!" says Janis. In this example, Arlene is exhibiting _____ thought, while Janis is show-ing _____ thought.

Back 43

D. abstract; concrete

Front 44

Juanita, a 15-year-old high school student, wants to skip school today because she is having a bad hair dayand is convinced that everybody will notice and think badly of her. Which aspect of adolescent egocentrism is Juanita experiencing?

Back 44

B. Imaginary audience

Front 45

I know I can handle the car at high speeds much better than others can." This reflects the tendency of ado-lescents to engage in:

Back 45

A. personal fable.

Front 46

Which of the following risks related to sexual activity can be reduced significantly by the use of contraceptives?

Back 46

A. Sexually transmitted infections

Front 47

Which theorist proposed the "storm-and-stress" view that adolescence is a turbulent time charged with con-flict and mood swings?

Back 47

C. G. Stanley Hall

Front 48

A girl's first menstruation is called ____.

Back 48

C. menarche

Front 49

_____ is a hormone associated in boys with the development of genitals, an increase in height, and achange in voice.

Back 49

A. Testosterone

Front 50

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs):

Back 50

D. are contracted primarily through sexual contact.