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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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based on the view that people respond to daily life in old age in much the same way they responded in the past.
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Continuity theory
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important for adaptation to later life.
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Maintaining internal and external continuity
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people’s optimal adaptation occurs when there is a balance between their ability to cope and the level of environmental demands placed upon them.
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competence-environmental press theory
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When balance is not achieved,
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behavior becomes maladaptive.
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support the applicability of competence-environmental press theory to a variety of real world situations.
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Several studies
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face the Eriksonian struggle of integrity versus despair, primarily through a life review.
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Older adults
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refers to accepting one’s life for what it is; despair refers to bitterness at one’s past.
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Integrity
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become self-affirming and self-accepting, and judge their lives to have been worthwhile and good.
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People who reach integrity
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refers to positive evaluation of one’s life associated with positive feelings.
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Subjective well-being
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reflects the ways in which they analyze the cause of events in terms of who or what is in control.
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How people experience their lives
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use religion more often than any other strategy to help them cope with problems of life.
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Older adults
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report higher levels of well-being.
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Those who rely on spiritual support
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complex process by which people withdraw from full-time employment.
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Retirement
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important life transition and is viewed by researchers as a process rather than a series of stages.
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Retirement
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Most people are ______ with retirement.
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satisfied
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typically maintain their health, friendship networks, and activity levels, at least in the years immediately following retirement.
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Most retired people
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personal life priorities are key
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retired men
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satisfaction does not seem to be related to roles.
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retired women
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important buffer against the stresses that accompany old age.
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Quality friendships in late-life
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intimate, congenial, loyal, apathetic, and hostile.
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Five types of sibling relationships
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Loyal and congenial types are the most common. Ties between sisters are the strongest.
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Five types of sibling relationships
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show a lower potential for marital conflict and greater potential for pleasure.
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Older married couples
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more alike than younger married couples.
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older married couples
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difficult transition for most people.
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Widowhood
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generally have problems in social relationships and in household tasks
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men
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tend to have more severe financial problems.
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women
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remarry, partly to solve loneliness and financial issues.
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Some widowed people
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more similar to each other than grandparents are.
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Great-grandparents as a group
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sense of personal and family renewal, new diversions in life and a major life milestone.
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Three aspects of great-grandparenthood
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defined in terms of impairment in activities of daily living (basic self-care skills) and instrumental activities of daily living (actions that require intellectual competence or planning).
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Frailty
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impairment in activities of daily living
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basic self-care skills
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actions that require intellectual competence or planning
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instrumental activities of daily living
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As many as _____ may need assistance with ADLs or IADLs
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half of the women over age 85
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intermediate care and skilled nursing care.
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Two levels of care are provided in nursing homes
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Most residents of nursing homes are who are _______ in poor health.
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older European American women
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have a lower rate of placement in nursing homes than European Americans.
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Ethnic minority women
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Maintaining a resident’s sense of control
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important component of good nursing homes.
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physical, psychological/emotional, sexual, material or financial, and the violation of rights.
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abuse and neglect
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the source of the U.S.’s fiscal problems.
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older adults
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more politically active than any other age group.
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Adults over the age of 65
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the source of the U.S.’s fiscal problems.
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older adults
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will be twice as many people collecting Social Security as workers paying into the system
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By the time the Baby Boom generation retires
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more politically active than any other age group.
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Adults over the age of 65
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will be twice as many people collecting Social Security as workers paying into the system
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By the time the Baby Boom generation retires
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Erik Erikson would suggest that 80-year-old ____, has achieved integrity.
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Christine, who is highly self-affirming
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In order to deal with the financial problems inherent to the current social security system, President Waldhart proposes that anyone making over $150,000 would receive no benefits. This solution best fits with a(n) ____ approach.
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means-test benefits
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When elderly people "accept the past," they tend to ____ than people who do not.
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be less depressed
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Self-employed Herschel is retiring from his job early. What is the most likely reason for this decision?
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health problems
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After 45 years of marriage, Athena now has to take care of her husband, who has a major debilitating disease. Athena is likely to be ____ with her marriage than other older adults who are not caregivers for their spouses.
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less satisfied
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Watching his grandchildren for the weekend has increased the environmental press in Hugo's life slightly, bringing out the best in Hugo's interpersonal skills. While watching his grandchildren, Hugo is apparently operating
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in the zone of maximum performance potential.
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Although Dougie has always loved his job, he now finds that it is no longer a challenge. He has done it for such a long time that he is becoming bored with it. Because of that, he has been looking for some alternative assignments, or even looking into other jobs. Dougie is attempting to better his situation by
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making his life less continuous.
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Who is most likely to be experiencing the most environmental press?
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Siam, who is 85 years old
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Which individual is in need of the least amount of care?
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Sandy, who lives in an assisted living facility
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Which adaptation level is associated with the greatest happiness and lack of worry about environmental demands?
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zone of maximum comfort
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Which statement concerning sibling relationships is true?
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Sisters tend to maintain more frequent contacts and have the strongest relationships.
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Zubin, who is about to retire, has a lot of friends. What impact is his retirement likely to have on this situation?
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Retirement will likely have no direct impact on the number of his friends.
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Which term best describes the retirement pattern of most men?
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blurred
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Patronizing speech is characterized by
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repetition
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Inga lives in a third world nation. For her, ____ would be considered an IADL.
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planting crops
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In the last 30 years, the number of community organizations designed to involve older adults has
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increased significantly.
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IADLs differ from ADLs in that
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IADLs have a higher-level cognitive component.
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When coping with high levels of stress, individuals who rely on spiritual support tend to ____ than those with a small religious commitment.
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report higher states of well-being
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Seventy-year-old Julio recently had to move out of his house because he requires some medical care that his wife was unable to provide. While he does not require constant medical attention, it is important that medical staff are available to him 24 hours a day. Julio would best be housed in a(n) ____ facility.
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intermediate care
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One positive aspect of becoming a great-grandparent is that it
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marks a major longevity milestone.
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Chris is a great-grandparent. It is most likely that Chris
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married relatively early in life.
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Which statement concerning Medicare is true?
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It is funded by a payroll tax.
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Throughout their lifetimes, most people perceive they have the least amount of control over the ____ domain.
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societal
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When asked about his sisters, Ralph says, "Oh they're all right I guess. I haven't seen them for years. I guess we really don't have much in common." This sort of sibling relationship would be best described as
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apathetic
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Jeff is 73 years old. Lately he's been thinking about the things he's done in his life ... his relationships, his accomplishments, and other experiences he's had. Which term best describes what Jeff is doing?
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life review
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Which is the best example of a "social convoy"?
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several adult lifelong friends
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In the United States, ____ would be considered an instrumental activity of daily living.
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purchasing a car
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When asked about his sisters, Ralph says, "Oh they're all right I guess. I haven't seen them for years. I guess we really don't have much in common." This sort of sibling relationship would be best described as
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apathetic
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Which pattern has been seen in the United States since the early 1980s?
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a decrease in the number of individuals needing assistance with IADLs and the number of people in nursing homes
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Noah is trying to come to grips with the fact that he is very old and doesn't have long to live. To do this, he thinks of the things he has accomplished, the children he has raised, and the things he has done for the community. Noah is struggling with Erikson's stage of
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integrity versus despair.
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Bethany is now living in an environment where her life-threatening medical condition is monitored 24 hours a day. Bethany is most likely in a(n) ____ facility.
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skilled nursing care
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To be accurately classified as a "frail older adult" an individual must
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be very ill and have physical disabilities.
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Bethany is now living in an environment where her life-threatening medical condition is monitored 24 hours a day. Bethany is most likely in a(n) ____ facility.
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skilled nursing care
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How does a person's activity level typically change after retirement?
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The number of volunteer hours increases while the paid hours decrease.
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To be accurately classified as a "frail older adult" an individual must
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be very ill and have physical disabilities.
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Suzette lives in a building in which others help her with some everyday living needs. Although she has no severe cognitive or physical disabilities, she appreciates this living arrangement that is best classified as
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an assisted living facility.
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How does a person's activity level typically change after retirement?
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The number of volunteer hours increases while the paid hours decrease.
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Nursing homes based on ____ planning tend to promote the most positive reactions by residents.
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person-centered
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Suzette lives in a building in which others help her with some everyday living needs. Although she has no severe cognitive or physical disabilities, she appreciates this living arrangement that is best classified as
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an assisted living facility.
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Whose behavior best exemplifies a "blurred" retirement process?
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Johnny, who retired from a truck driving job five years ago then began a career as a commercial fisherman and is now considering a second retirement
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Nursing homes based on ____ planning tend to promote the most positive reactions by residents.
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person-centered
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According to Erik Erikson, the conflict of integrity versus despair is characterized by
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attempting to make sense out of one's life.
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Whose behavior best exemplifies a "blurred" retirement process?
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Johnny, who retired from a truck driving job five years ago then began a career as a commercial fisherman and is now considering a second retirement
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Activities of daily living are best described as tasks
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involving basic self-care needs.
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According to Erik Erikson, the conflict of integrity versus despair is characterized by
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attempting to make sense out of one's life.
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The "zone of maximum comfort" is reached when
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competence slightly exceeds environmental press.
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Activities of daily living are best described as tasks
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involving basic self-care needs.
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____ of adults aged 65 to 74 need assistance with activities of daily living.
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Less than 5%
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The "zone of maximum comfort" is reached when
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competence slightly exceeds environmental press.
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____ of adults aged 65 to 74 need assistance with activities of daily living.
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Less than 5%
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Which older adult is more likely to be involved with friends?
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Betty, who is a widow
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Inga lives in a third world nation. For her, ____ would be considered an IADL.
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planting crops
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The fact that Kenyon can cope with his current boss's bad attitude, because he has had past experience dealing with similar bosses, is best explained by
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continuity theory.
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A "bridge job" is best described as
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a job taken after ending your main career but prior to retirement.
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In order to deal with the financial problems inherent to the current social security system, President Waldhart proposes that anyone making over $150,000 would receive no benefits. This solution best fits with a(n) ____ approach.
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means-test benefits
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The ability to exert control over one's life underlies a strong sense of
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proactivity
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Which characterizes an "intimate sibling relationship"?
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high involvement and low envy
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Hazel is tired of worrying about her new landlord. When her friends tell her to become involved to protect her interests, Hazel says, "It's too late in the day. Whatever happens, happens. I'll simply do whatever the landlord says." Hazel is exhibiting
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docility
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While talking to 75-year-old Harold, who is a new resident of the nursing home, nurse Maude, using a higher-pitched voice and slower voice speed, says, "Welcome Harold. You like your room? You like your food? That's good!" Maude's conversation provides a good example of ____ speech.
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patronizing
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A skilled nursing care facility
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provides consistent monitoring of intense health problems.
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