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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 Characteristics of living organisms
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1. Living things are both complex and organized.
2. Living things grow and reproduce. 3. Living things respond to stimuli. 4. Living things acquire and use materials and energy. 5.Living things use DNA to store information. |
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What is metabolism?
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The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a single cell or within all of the cells of a multicellular organism.
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What is the difference between an element and a compound?
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An element is a substance that cannot be broken down, or converted, to a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means. A compound is a distinct substance formed by chemical union of two or more ingredients in definite proportion by weight.
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What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?
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An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element. A molecule is a particle composed of one or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
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What is the structure of an atom?
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The atom is made up of electroms, protons, and neutrons. The protons and neutrons form the nucleus, and the electrons orbit around it.
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What are the subatomic particles of an atom?
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Electrons, protons, neutrons.
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How do you determine the atomic number of an atom?
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This is determined by counting the number of protons in the atom.
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What is an isotope?
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One of several forms of a single element, the nuclei of which contain the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
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What are ions?
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An ion is an atom or molecule that either has an excess of electrons or has lost electrons. This causes the atom or molecule to have a positve or negative charge.
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How do ions form?
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They form by losing or gaining electrons in order to complete their valence shells and become stable.
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How do ionic compounds form?
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Two or more ions will be attracted to each other if they have opposite charges. They form an ionic bond.
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What makes an atom stable?
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An atom is stable if its valence/outermost shell is full. It can lose or gain electrons to become stable.
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What are polar covalent bonds?
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They are polar, having two poles of opposite charges.
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How do polar molecules interact with the formation of hydrogen bonds?
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Polar molecules bond with other polar molecules to make hydrogen bonds because each molecule has a different positive or negative charge.
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Name a polar molecule.
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Water
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What is the difference between covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds?
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Covalent bonds share electrons.
Ionic bonds steal electrons. Hydrogen bonds form between oppositely charged molecules. |
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Where are covalent bonds found?
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Most biological molecules use these bonds.
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Where are ionic bonds found?
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They are found in crystals.
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Where are hydrogen bonds found?
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Water.
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What is the pH scale?
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The pH scale expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution on a scale of 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic).
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What makes a substance acidic versus basic?
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If a substance has lots of H+ it will be acidic. If it has lots of OH- it will be basic.
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What is the meaning of hydrophilic?
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Loves water.
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What is the meaning of hydrophobic?
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Hates/fears water.
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How are cell structures affected by hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules?
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Hydrophilic molecules will allow water and/or other hydrophilic molecules to pass through, whereas hydrophobic molecules will block everything except hydrophobic molecules.
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What is a solvent?
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A liquid capable of dissolving other substances in itself.
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What is a solute?
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A dissolved substance.
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What is the “like dissolves like” principle?
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Only hydrophilic substances will dissolve in water, and only hydrophobic substances will dissolve in oils or other hydrophobic solvents.
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What occurs in a dehydration synthesis reaction?
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Water is released from the reaction.
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What occurs in a hydrolysis reaction?
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Water is consumed and broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.
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What are the four biomolecules?
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1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids |
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What are the monomers of which the biomolecules are composed?
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Carbohydrates have monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Lipids have fatty acids and glycerol. Proteins have amino acids. Nucleic Acids have nucleotides. |
