Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
|
light+H2O+CO2=sugar+O2
|
|
|
What is the equation for cell respiration?
|
sugar+O2=H2O+CO2
|
|
|
What is a cuticle?
|
The waxy coating on conifer tree needles ( the leaves )
|
|
|
What is a gymnosperm?
|
a non-flowering seed plant
|
|
|
What is an angiosperm?
|
Vascular plants that produce flowers and/or fruits
|
|
|
What are the two classes of angiosperms?
|
monocots and dicots
|
|
|
What are monocots? What are dicots?
|
Monocot seeds have one cotyledon; dicot seeds have two cotyledons
|
|
|
What is a cotyledon?
|
the seed leaves of a young plant ( if you forget, see page 309 in text book )
|
|
|
What are the characterizations of animals?
|
multicellular, reproduction and development, many specialized parts, movement, consuming ( they cannot make their own food, like plants )
|
|
|
What is a tissue?
|
many cells working together to perform a function
|
|
|
What is tissue?
|
many cells working together to perform a specific function
|
|
|
What is an organ?
|
many tissues working together to perform a specific function
|
|
|
What is an organ system?
|
many organs working together to perform a specific function
|
|
|
What is an invertebrate?
|
an animal without a backbone
|
|
|
What is a vertebrate?
|
an animal with a backbone
|
|
|
What is the difference between a medusa and a polyp?
|
medusa: jellyfish; polyp: feather dusters
|
|
|
What are the arthropod characteristics?
|
segmented and specialized, jointed limbs, an external skeleton, sensing surroundings
|
|
|
What does "echinoderm" mean?
|
spiny skinned
|
|
|
What is a biome?
|
a large area characterized by its climate and types of animals and plants that live in it
|
|
|
What is a biosphere?
|
the part of Earth where life exists
|
|
|
What are filter feeders?
|
clams and oysters; they attach to one place and use gills to filter food from the water
|
|
|
What are bivalves?
|
clams and other shellfish with two shells
|
|
|
What is estivation?
|
reduced activity in the summer ( opposite of hibernation )
|
|
|
What is hibernation?
|
reduced activity and body temperature in the winter ( opposite of estivation )
|
|
|
What are the chordate characteristics?
|
four body parts: tail, notochord, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of fish?
|
eye, dorsal fin, lateral line, pelvic fin, anal fin, tail fin, gills, and pectoral fins
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of reptiles?
|
thick skin, body temperature ( ectotherms, and they cannot live in very cold regions ), the amazing amniotic egg
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of amphibians?
|
thin skin, double life ( water and land )
|
|
|
What does ectothermic mean?
|
animals that do not control their body temperature through activity in cells
|
|
|
What does endothermic mean?
|
animals that have a stable body temperature
|
|
|
What are the types of fish?
|
jawless fishes ( hagfish and lampreys ), cartilaginous fishes ( sharks, skates, and rays ), and bony fishes ( lungfishes, masked butterfly fish, and pike )
|
|
|
What is a denticle?
|
The receiving end of a neuron
|
|
|
What is a diaphragm?
|
a dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs
|
|
|
What is a carnivore?
|
an animal that eats only meat
|
|
|
What is an herbivore?
|
an animal that only eats plants
|
|
|
What is an omnivore?
|
an animal that eats both plants and meat
|
|
|
What is a monotreme?
|
a mammal that lays eggs
|
|
|
What is a marsupial?
|
a mammal that has a pouch
|
|
|
What is a producer?
|
organisms that use sunlight to make food
|
|
|
What is a primary consumer?
|
an animal that eats producers
|
|
|
What is a secondary consumer?
|
an animal that eats primary consumers
|
|
|
What is a niche?
|
An animal's way of life and their relationship with the biotic/abiotc environment; HABITAT
|
|
|
What is a lagomorph?
|
Jackrabbit and pica
|
|
|
What are denticles?
|
The sharp, tooth-like skin on a shark
|
|
|
What is a haploid?
|
2N gamete
|
|
|
What is a diploid?
|
1N gamete
|
|
|
What is a consumer?
|
An organism that eats other organisms
|
|
|
What is a pioneer species?
|
The first organisms to live in an area
|
|
|
What is competition?
|
Species compete for water, shelter, and food
|
|
|
What is population?
|
A group of the same species that live in an area
|
|
|
What is community?
|
all of the populations that live in an area
|
|
|
What is ecology?
|
The study of the interactions of organisms with one another and their environment
|
|
|
What is commensalism?
|
A symbiotic relationship where one organism is benefited and the other is unaffected
|
|
|
What is mutualism?
|
A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit
|
|
|
What are the three R's?
|
Reduce: using less of the earth's resources; Reuse: reusing products; Recycle: recovering materials from waste
|
|
|
What are renewable resources? Nonrenewable?
|
A natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate it is used; Nonrenewable is a natural resource that cannot be replaced at all or one that will take millions of years to
|
|
|
What is primary succession? What is secondary succession?
|
Primary: when other organisms start to live where none grew before; the rock is slowly transformed to soil; Secondary: when a natural disaster destroys an area or when a farmer stops growing crops; crabgrass comes first and then a forest may form
|
|
|
What does biodegradable mean?
|
something that can be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria
|
|
|
What is a native species? What is an alien species?
|
Species that belong in an area; Native is a species that does not belong there - it came from elsewhere
|
|
|
What is an herbicide?
|
Something that kills weeds
|
|
|
What is a pesticide?
|
Something that kills insects
|
|
|
What is nitrogen fixation?
|
Bacteria in the soil changes nitrogen into a form plants can use
|
|
|
What is biodiversity?
|
Many species living in the same area so that if one species dies out, lots more will remain
|
|
|
What is an estuary?
|
An area where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from oceans
|
|
|
What are the three types of muscle?
|
Skeletal muscle - enables bones to move; Smooth muscle - pushes food through the digestive system; Cardiac muscle - pumps blood throughout the body
|
|
|
What is spongy bone? Compact bone?
|
Spongy bone is bone TISSUE that has many open spaces in it; it contains marrow; Compact bone is bone TISSUE that is rigid and dense; it has no visible holes in it; there are tiny blood vessels in it
|
|
|
What are ligaments and what are tendons?
|
Tendons attach muscle to bone; Ligaments connect bone in a joint
|
|
|
What is melanin?
|
A chemical that determines skin color and reduces chances of skin cancer
|
|
|
Contraction=?
|
pull only
|
|
|
What are the types of joints?
|
Sliding and gliding ( carpals ), ball-and-socket ( shoulder ), hinge ( knee ), and fixed ( cranium )
|
|
|
What are the chambers of the heart?
|
Right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium, left atrium
|
|
|
What is pulmonary circulation vs. systemic circulation?
|
Pulmonary: circulation between the heart and lungs; Systemic: circulation between the heart and the rest of the body
|
|
|
What are the blood types?
|
A, B, AB, O; *"Only what is in the bag can be put in the bag"*
|
|
|
What is plasma?
|
Fluid part of blood; made up of water, nutrients, minerals, sugars, and proteins
|
|
|
What is the larynx? The pharynx?
|
Larynx: vocal chords; Pharynx: throat
|
|
|
What are arteries? What are veins?
|
Arteries: go FROM the heart and have pressure; Veins: go TO the heart and have no pressure; they have valves
|
|
|
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
|
To support, give frame to, and protect your body
|
|
|
What are the parts of the lymph system?
|
Tonsils: help fight infections through the mouth; Thymus: where T cells mature; Spleen: stores and produces lymphocytes and has red/white pulp; Lymph nodes: remove pathogens from lymph; Bone marrow: produces lymphocytes ( white )
|
|
|
What are the functions of the urinary system?
|
To filter waste from the blood
|
|
|
What is the gallbladder, what does it store, where is that made, and what is it?
|
A sac-like organ that stores bile made by the liver - bile breaks down lipids
|
|
|
What are the pancreas products?
|
Enzymes and bicarbonates that neutralize acid
|
|
|
What is chemical digestion? Mechanical?
|
Mechanical: the breaking, crushing, and mashing of food; it usually occurs in the mouth ( teeth ); Chemical: molecules are broken down usually in the stomach and small intestine
|
|
|
What is the function of villi?
|
Villi passes nutrients to the bloodstream ( it has nutrient absorbing cells on it that pass them to the bloodstream
|
|
|
What are feces?
|
Another name for stool - the semisolid waste materials
|
|
|
What is the central nervous system? Peripheral?
|
Central: brain and spinal cord; Peripheral: everything in the nervous system EXCEPT the brain and spinal cord
|
|
|
What is the nerve that goes from the nose to the brain?
|
Olfactory nerve
|
|
|
What is the nerve that goes from the eyes to the brain?
|
Optic nerve
|
|
|
What are the medulla functions?
|
Controls blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, and involuntary breathing
|
|
|
What are the endocrine system functions?
|
Regulates body processes, such as fluid balance, growth, and development by using chemicals made by glands
|
|
|
What is the difference between internal and external fertilization?
|
Internal: fertilization occurs inside of the female's body; External: fertilization occurs outside of the female's body
|
|
|
What are rods and cones?
|
Photoreceptors ( neurons that change light into electrical impulses ) inside of the retina; rods let you see dim light ( night vision ) and cones let you see bright light and detail
|
|
|
What are STD's?
|
Sexually transmitted diseases; chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital HPV, genital herpes, syphilis, and HIV/AIDS are STD's
|
