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101 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
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Layers of the bone in order

Periosteum


Compact Bone


Endosteum


Medullary Cavity


Yellow Bone Marrow

5

Flexion

Reduces angle of joint


Example: Elbow


Move arm from down to up

Rotation

Spins one bone relative to another


Example: rotating head left to right

Abduction

Increase the angle of a joint to move a part away from midline


Example: Raise arm

Adduction

Decreases the angle of a joint to move a part toward midline


Example: Lowering arm

Extension

Increases an angle of a joint


Example: Straightening Elbow

Circumduction

Moves the distal end of a bone in a circle


Example: Moving arm in a circle

Regions of the spine in order

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx

What is the number for each region of the spine?

Cervical 7, Thoracic 12, Lumbar 5, Sacrum 1, Coccyx 1

Osteoclasts

Reabsorb bone

Osteocytes

Mature bone cell

Osteoblasts

Form new bone


Turn into osteocytes after calcification

6 bones of the skull/cranial base

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, & Ethmoid

Zygomatic

Cheek bones

Maxilla

Upper jaw bones

Mandible

Lower jaw bone

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

Frontal Sinuses


Sphenoid Sinuses


Ethmoid Air Cells


Maxillary Sinus

Frontal sinus location

Above the eyes

Sphenoid Sinus Location

Behind the eyes

Ethmoid Air Cells Location

Between the eyes

Maxillary Sinus Location

Under the eyes

Axial skeleton consists of

Skull, Spine, Thorax, Hyoid Bone

Appendicular Skeleton Consists of

Upper and Lower Extremities

Diaphysis

Hollow tube made of hard compact bone


Also called shaft

Epiphysis

Ends of bone where red bone marrow fills in small spaces in spongy bone

Epiphyseal Plate

Area of cartilage remaining between the epiphysis & the diaphysis as long as growth continues

Medullary Cavity

Hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone


Contains yellow bone marrow

Trabeculae

Beams that form the lattice of spongy bone

Endosteum

Thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity

Periosteum

Strong membrane of dense fibrous tissue


Cover long bone everywhere except joint surfaces

Which are true ribs and what are they attached to?

1-7 attached to sternum by costal cartilage

Which are False Ribs and what are they attached to?

8, 9, & 10 attached to cartilage of 7th pair

Which are floating ribs and what are they attached to?

11 & 12 NOT attached to any costal cartilage

Bones of the hands

Carpals


Metacarpals


Phalanges

Bones of the wrist

Carpals

Bones of the ankles

Tarsals

Bones of the foot

Tarsals


Metatarsals


Phalanges

Bones of the legs

Tibia


Fibula

Bone of the thigh

Femur

Coxal bone is

Hip Bone

Bones of the arms

Humerous


Radius


Ulna

Bones of the upper arm/shoulder

Scapula


Clavicle


Humerous

2 types of bone marrow

Red Bone Marrow


Yellow Bone Marrow

Function of Red Bone Marrow

Forms red blood cells and white blood cells

Function of Yellow Bone Marrow

Inactive fatty form of marrow found in the adult skeleton

Location of Red Bone Marrow

Soft connective tissue in the hard walls of some bones

Location of Yellow Bone Marrow

Medullary Cavity in the Adult Skeleton

5 types of bones

Long Bones


Short Bones


Flat Bones


Irregular Bones


Sesamoid Bones

Define Long Bones

Tubular shaft articular surface


Example: Humerous

Define Short Bones

Tubular shaft articular surface much smaller than long bones


Example: Carpals

Define Flat Bones

Thin with broad surfaces


Example: Frontal Bone

Define Irregular Bones

Irregular in shape & size usually quite compact


Example: Vertebrae

Define Sesamoid bones

Round


Example: Patella

Calcitonin

Increases mineralization of bone


Reduces blood calcium


(From thyroid gland)

PTH

Parathyroid hormone from parathyroid Glands counter balances calcitonin


Increases blood calcium

Haversian System

Another name for Osteon

Osteoporosis

Most common and serious of all bone disease.


Excessive loss of calcified matrix & collagenous fibers from bone

Osteomalacia

Softening of bones


Typically from Vitamin D deficiency

Paget’s Disease

Disrupts the replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue

The Diploe

Cancellous bone layer

Lacunae

Spaces where osteocytes are formed

Osteon

Numerous structural units in the extracellular matrix


Circular/tubelike

6 Types of Diarthroses Joints

Hinge


Ball & Socket


Pivot


Gliding


Saddle


Condyloid

Example of Hinge Joint

Elbow

Example of Ball & Socket Joint

Shoulder and Hip

Example of Pivot Joint

Radius rotating against ulna

Example of Gliding Joints

Articular process between Vertebrae

Example of Saddle Joints

Carpal metacarpal Joint of thumb

Example of Condyloid

Atlanto-Occipital Joint

Function of the Skeletal System

Supports and gives shape to the body


Protects internal organs


Provides internal frame work

Skull protects

Brain

Ribs & Breastbone protect

Heart

Hemopoiesis

Blood Cell Formation in Red Bone Marrow

What are the two divisions of the human skeleton?

Axial


Appendicular

Spaces between the Vertebrae of the spine are

Disks

__________ is a bundle of nerves

Spinal Cord

___________ helps you turn your head

Axis

3, 4, 5 stay alive

Atlas & Axis are parts of

Cervical Vertebrae

Atlas & Axis help

Swivel the head

There are ___ pairs of ribs


____ in total

12


24

There are _____ bones in the body

206

There _____ bones in the appendicular skeleton

126

Femur

Only bone in the thigh


Longest bone in the body

Patella

Knee cap


Protects knee joint

Tibia

Large shin bone

Fibula

Smaller bone connecting to ankle

Arches of the foot

Normal Longitudinal Arch


Flatfoot


Transverse Arch

Joints are called

Articulations

Every bone except _______ connects to at least 1 other bone

Hyoid Bone

Hyoid Bone

Anchors the tongue

Diathroses

Free movement

Bursa

Fluid filled pouch that absorbs shock

The joint capsule is made up of

Fibrous Connective Tissue

Fibrous Connective Tissue is

The body’s strongest and toughest material

Types of Joint Movement

Flexion


Extension


Abduction


Adduction


Rotation


Circumduction

Reasons for Skeletal Variations

Sex (Male vs Female)


Age


Environmental Factors

_______ hold our bones together and make it possible for movement to occur

Joints

Kinds of Joints

Synarthroses


Amphiarthroses


Diathroses

3

Synarthrosis is found in

Coronal suture

Amphiarthrosis is found in

Pubic Symphysis

Endochondral Ossification is

Fetal development during which


Bone tissue is created