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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Students in a science class measure the
heights of plant specimens and record their measurements to the nearest centimeter. The students then use calculators to determine the average height of the plants. The teacher notices that many students write down averages that extend to tenths or hundredths of centimeters and asks them to round the averages only to the nearest centimeter. Which of the following statements is the best explanation of why students should round their averages to the nearest centimeter? |
Calculations based on the measurements
of plant height can be only as precise as the original measurements. |
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As part of a project on the effects of
pollution on ecosystems, students in a science class measure air, soil, and water quality in the area surrounding the school. They also make daily counts of various animal and plant species in the area. Which of the following types of computer software would be most useful for storing and analyzing the students' data? |
spreadsheet software
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A researcher has documented a decline in
the population of wood frogs in an area in which bullfrogs have been introduced. According to the researcher's data, the wood frog population began to decline soon after the introduction of the bullfrogs, and the decline has accelerated since the bullfrog population began growing more rapidly. The researcher notes that bullfrogs are much larger and more aggressive than wood frogs and concludes that the wood frogs are being driven from their breeding areas. This conclusion is questionable because the researcher: |
has not shown a causal relationship
between the establishment of the bullfrog population and the decline of the wood frog population. |
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Which of the following is one of the most
important principles guiding the ethical conduct of research with human subjects? |
Before beginning the study, subjects
must be informed of any known risks associated with participation. |
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Sucrase is an enzyme that catalyzes only
one particular reaction, the splitting of sucrose molecules into glucose and fructose. Sucrase recognizes sucrose as its substrate, distinguishing it even from other closely related sugar molecules. This specificity depends on which of the following? |
the fit between the shape of the
sucrase molecule's active site and the shape of the sucrose molecule |
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Given the experimental results described
above, it is most likely that the holdfast contains a: |
chloroplast.
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Asking students to perform the experiment
with Acetabularia is most likely to be useful if the students have some prior knowledge of: |
the mechanisms of genetic control
of cellular activity. |
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After students complete the experiment,
which of the following questions would be most likely to stimulate higher-level thinking about the experimental results? |
Why does the first cap that
regenerates have characteristics of both species |
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One difference between aerobic and
anaerobic respiration is that: |
net energy from aerobic respiration
is higher than net energy from anaerobic respiration. |
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Which of the following statements best
describes how oxygen moves from the bloodstream into the cells where it is used in metabolic processes? |
Oxygen diffuses passively into the
cells without the expenditure of energy. |
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Which of the following examples best
illustrates that cellular differentiation is, in certain instances, a reversible process? |
In some animals, body parts that are
lost from injury can be regenerated. |
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It has been observed that a prolonged
episode of malnutrition has more severe and less reversible effects on human brain development if it occurs during the first year after birth, compared to an episode that occurs later in infancy or childhood. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this observation? |
Brain cells continue to divide
rapidly during the first year after birth, while active cell division slows markedly after this time |
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Step 1: X attaches itself to the surface
of a cell. Step 2: It then injects its own genetic material into the cell. Step 3: This destroys the host cell's genetic material. Step 4: The genetic material of X reprograms the host cell's metabolic activities to make multiple copies of X. Step 5: The host cell then breaks open, releasing |
virus
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A team of researchers has isolated a
chemical from a tropical tree that causes insects to die when they ingest it. The researchers determine that the chemical deactivates the enzyme RNA polymerase. This chemical likely causes the insects to die by interfering directly with: |
transcription of RNA from the DNA
template. |
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When red-flowered snapdragons are
crossed with white-flowered snapdragons, all of the offspring have pink flowers. When these pink-flowered snapdragons are crossed, one-fourth of the F2 offspring will be have red flowers, one-fourth will have white flowers, and one-half will have pink flowers. This pattern of inheritance is most likely due to: |
incomplete dominance of either the
red or the white allele. |
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In 1909, Karl Correns found that the
presence or absence of white or yellow patches on the leaves of an otherwise green plant was determined only by the maternal parent. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this observation? |
The gene for colored patches is
located in DNA found in the plastids of the cell rather than in the nucleus. |
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Geospiza fuliginosa and Geospiza fortis
are species of Galápagos finch with overlapping ranges. When only one of the two species is found on an island, it has a medium-sized beak. However, on islands where both species are found, G. fuliginosa has a smaller beak and G. fortis a larger one. This phenomenon is an example of: |
character displacement.
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Which of the following is the best
example of the effects of diversifying selection? |
In regions where malaria is
endemic, individuals who are heterozygous for the sickle cell allele are more fit than either homozygote. |
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In the study of evolution, which of
the following observations is likely to provide evidence in favor of the theory of punctuated equilibrium? |
A subpopulation that becomes
geographically isolated from its parent population often undergoes rapid genetic change. |
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Which of the following adaptations was
most essential for enabling aquatic algae to evolve into plants capable of surviving in a variety of terrestrial environments? |
the development of vascular tissue
that transports water and nutrients |
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Which of the following is the most
accurate method for classifying two organisms according to their degree of relationship? |
Compare similarities and
differences in the DNA of both organisms. |
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A biologist has hypothesized that a
structure in the digestive tract of birds is homologous to a structure in the digestive tract of certain mammals. Which of the following findings would provide the best evidence in favor of this view? |
The two structures appear almost
identical at an early stage of embryonic development. |
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On a class field trip, students encounter
some brightly colored shelf-like structures attached to the trunk of a dead tree. Which of the following is the best description of how this organism obtains matter and energy from its environment? |
It obtains energy, carbon, and
water from the dead wood. |
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Human vegetarians who do not eat any
animal products must pay close attention to their diet because: |
no single plant species provides all
of the amino acids essential for building proteins. |
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A scientist recruits human volunteers to
spend several weeks as experimental subjects in her lab. The subjects will stay in a windowless area with no access to clocks or watches. Their activities will be unstructured, and they will be free to eat, sleep, and exercise whenever they choose. A likely purpose of this experiment is to determine whether: |
the human wake/sleep cycle is
regulated by internal or external signals. |
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In various species of mammal, if a mother
and her offspring are kept apart for a brief period after birth and then reunited, the mother will then reject the offspring. The likely function of this rejection by the mother is to: |
decrease the probability that she will
expend resources raising offspring that are not her own. |
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An ethologist wishes to investigate the
relative importance of innate and learned components of canine behavior. Which of the following criteria can be used to distinguish innate behaviors from learned behaviors? |
the success with which the behavior
is performed the first time it is attempted |
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When an agricultural field is abandoned,
it usually undergoes ecological succession involving a sequence of changes in vegetation. In most of North America, species of pine tree tend to be characteristic of early stages of succession, while hardwoods such as oak, beech, and maple are more often found in later stages. Which of the following best explains this pattern of succession? |
Pine seeds and seedlings germinate
and grow more rapidly in open, sunny areas. The shade from the mature pine trees eventually favors the establishment and growth of the shade-tolerant hardwood species. |