Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Organism
|
A living thing
|
|
|
Characteristics of Living Things
|
Have a cellular organization
Contain Similar Chemicals Use Energy Respond to their surroundings Grow and Develop Reproduce |
|
|
cell
|
A basic unit of structure and function in an organism
|
|
|
Unicellular
|
A single-celled organism: bacteria and amoeba
|
|
|
Multi-cellular
|
Organisms composed of many cells and are programmed for specific jobs
|
|
|
The Chemicals of Life
|
Carbohydrates
Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids |
|
|
If there is no water..
|
There is NO life!
|
|
|
Carbohydrates
|
Main source of energy
Starches Broken down into glucose |
|
|
Proteins
|
Help cells to build things
Muscle is made of protein Protein is found in eggs and meat |
|
|
Lipids
|
Helps cells to build things
Fats and oils are lipids Helps to break down food that is digested |
|
|
Nucleic Acids
|
Create genetic material
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) DNA found in nucleus Direct all activity |
|
|
Cells that make up organisms need ___ to function
|
Energy
|
|
|
Stimulus
|
A change in an organism's surroundings that causes the organism to react
|
|
|
Response
|
An action that occurs as the result of the stimulus
|
|
|
The response ensures...
|
the survival of the organism
|
|
|
Growth
|
the process of becoming larger
|
|
|
Development
|
the process of change that occurs during an organism's life to produce a more complex organism
|
|
|
Spontaneous generation
|
the idea that life can come from a non-living source
|
|
|
Spontaneous generation was a widely held belief at the time of...
|
Francesco Redi
|
|
|
This theory was believed for many years and he wanted to disprove it so he...
|
Conducted a controlled experiment to test if spontaneous generation was real in the 1600s
|
|
|
Redi's experiment
|
2 jars with meat: 1 covered, 1 uncovered; After a few days the uncovered one had maggots on the meat but the covered one did not
|
|
|
A controlled experiment
|
Consists of two tests that are identical in every respect except for one factor
|
|
|
The control group in Redi's experiment
|
uncovered
|
|
|
The variable in Redi's experiment
|
covered
|
|
|
The conclusion of Redi's experiment
|
Life does not occur spontaneously. Life comes from life.
|
|
|
The person who finally disproved spontaneous generation
|
Louis Pasteur
|
|
|
After Redi's experiment...
|
People still believed in spontaneous generation
|
|
|
Pasteur's experiment took place ___ years after Redi's.
|
200
|
|
|
Pasteur's experiment
|
2 flasks with broth: 1 boiled, 1 unboiled; unboiled became cloudy after few days, boiled remained clear for a year; broke flask of boiled and within few days, broth became cloudy
|
|
|
The Needs of Living Things
|
Food
Water Living Space |
|
|
Homeostasis
|
Maintaining Stable Internal Conditions
|
|
|
Human's homeostasis
|
3 main: temperature, heart rate, blood pressure
|
|
|
Autotroph
|
Makes its own food
Plant (photosynthesis) |
|
|
Heterotroph
|
Cannot make its own food
Uses autotrophs for food source Animals, humans |
|
|
Why can't scientists use common names?
|
Something will eventually be named something that has a different meaning somewhere else
|
|
|
There are about ____ species on Earth.
|
1.7 million
|
|
|
The story of the buzzard and the hawk
|
In the United Kingdom, our buzzard is their hawk and our hawk is their buzzard.
|
|
|
To avoid this confusion...
|
We use a system of naming and classification.
|
|
|
Classification
|
The process of grouping things based on their similarities
|
|
|
Taxonomy
|
The study of how living things are classified
|
|
|
Carolus Linnaeus
|
He came up with our modern system of classification. He placed them in groups based on their features.
|
|
|
His system is know as...
|
Binomial Nomenclature
|
|
|
How to write a scientific name
|
Capitalize the first letter of the first word (genus). Do not capitalize the second word (species). Italicize if typing, underline if writing.
|
|
|
Why use Latin?
|
It is a dead language which means it will never change.
|
|
|
Seven Levels of Classification
|
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
|
|
|
Human scientific name
|
Homo Sapien
|
|
|
Kingdoms
|
Archaebacteria-halophiles
Eubacteria-E. coli Protista-amoeba Fungi-mushroom Plantae-flower Animalia-human |
|
|
Three Domains
|
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria Eukarya |
|
|
In the Eukarya Domain...
|
Protista, Animalia, Fungi, Plantae
|
|
|
Charles Darwin
|
Known as Father of Evolution.
His ship was the HMS Beagle and traveled to Galapagos Islands and did work on finches. |
|
|
His book is...
|
On Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. It explained evolutionary theory.
|
|
|
Galapagos Finches
|
On different islands there is a different food supply and the beaks are different depending on what beak is best to eat that kind of food.
|
|
|
Domain Bacteria
|
Prokaryotes are not in this kingdom. Don't have nucleus. Some are autotrophs, some are heterotrophs.
|
|
|
Domain Archaea
|
The most ancient bacteria; found in the most extreme conditions - thermophiles
|
|
|
Protists
|
Least complex of Eukarya.Some are multicellular, some are unicellular
|
|
|
Fungi
|
Feed on decaying objects, all are heterotrophs. Mushrooms, molds, and mildew
|
|
|
Plants
|
Muticellualr eukaryotes (have a nucleus). Autotrophs that provide food for heterotrophs.
|
|
|
Animals
|
All are eukaryotes and multicellular. Have adaptations that allow them to find food, capture it, eat, and digest. All eat in some manner.
|
