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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Leukemia |
Lymphoid or myeloid neoplasm with widespread involvement of bone marrow. Tumor cells usually found in peripheral blood. |
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Lymphoma |
Discrete tumor mass arising from lymph nodes |
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Leukemoid reaction |
Acute inflammatory response to infection. ↑WBC count with ↑ neutrophils and neutrophils precursors such as band cells (left shift); ↑ leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP). |
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Hodgkin Lymphoma Localization |
Localized, single group of nodes; extranodal rare; contiguous spread (stage is strongest predictor of prognosis). Better prognosis. |
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Hodgkin Lymphoma Findings |
Bimodal distribution - young adulthood and >55 years; more common in men except for nodular sclerosing type. Strongly associated with EBV. Sx: low-grade fever, night sweats and weight loss |
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Reed-Sternberg cell. Hodgkin Lymphoma. CD15+ and CD30+ B-cell origin. |
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Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Localization |
Multiple, peripheral nodes; extranodal involvement common; noncontiguous spread. |
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Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Findings |
Majority involve B cells (except those of lymphoblastic T-cell origin). Peak incidence for certain subtype at 20-40 years old. May be associated with HIV and autoimmune diseases. Fewer constitutional Sg/Sx. |
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Burkitt lymphoma Neoplasm of mature B cells Findings |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Adolescents or young adults. C-MYC t(8;14) Associated with EBV. Jaw lesion in endemic form in Africa; pelvic or abdomen in sporadic form. |
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"Starry sky" appearance, sheets of lymphocytes with interspersed macrophages. Burkitt lymphoma. |
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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Neoplasm of mature B cells Findings |
Usually older adults, but 20% in children. Most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults. |
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Follicular lymphoma Neoplasm of mature B cells Findings |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Adults. BCL-2 t(14;18) Indolent course; Bcl-2 inhibits apoptosis. Presents with painless "waxing and wanning" lymphadenopathy. |
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Nodular, small cells; cleaved nuclei.
Follicular lymphoma.
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Mantle cell lymphoma Neoplasm of mature B cells Fidings |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Older males. Cyclin D1 t(11;14) CD5+ |
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Adult T-cell lymphoma Neoplasm of mature T cells Findings |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Adults. Caused by HTLV (associated with IV drugs). Adults presents with cutaneous lesions; especially affects populations in Japan, West Africa and the Caribbean. Lytic bone lesions, hypercalcemia. |
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Mycosis fungoides Neoplasm of mature T cells Findings |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Adults. May present with skin patches/plaques (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma). Characterized by atypical CD4+ cells with "cerebriform" nuclei. May progress to Sézary syndrome (T-cell leukemia). |
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Leukemia Findings |
Unregulated growth and differentiation of WBCs in bone marrow → marrow failure → anemia (↓RBCs), infections (↓mature WBCs), and hemorrhage (↓platelets). ↑ or ↓ # of circulating WBCs. |
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL) Lymphoid neoplasm Findings |
Age: <15 years. T-cell can present as mediastinal mass (presenting as SCV-like syndrome) Associated with Down syndrome TdT+ (marker of pre T and pre-B cells) CD10+ (pre B-cells only) Most responsive to therapy May spread to CNS and testes. t(12;21) → better prognosis. |
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Peripheral blood and bone marrow have ↑↑↑ lymphoblast. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. |
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Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) Lymphoid neoplasm Findings |
Age: > 60 years. Most common adult leukemia. Often asymptomatic, progresses slowly; autoimmune hemolytic anemia. ↑ peripheral blood lymphocytosis or bone marrow involvement (CLL). |
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Smudge cells in peripheral blood smear. CD20+, CD5+ B-cell neoplasm. Chronic myelogenous leukemia. |
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Hairy cell leukemia Lymphoid neoplasm Findings |
Age: Adults. Mature B-cell tumor in the elderly. Stains TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphate +). TRAP stain largely replaced with flow cytometry Tx: cladribine, pentostatin. |
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Cells have filamentous, hair-like projections. Causes marrow fibrosis → dry tap of aspiration. Hairy cell leukemia. |
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Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) Myeloid neoplasm Findings |
Age: median onset 65 years. Risk factors: prior exposure to alkylating chemotherapy, radiation, myeloproliferative disorders, Down syndrome. t(15:17) → M3 AML subtype responds to all-trans retoinic acid (vit A), inducing differentiation of meloblast; DIC ia a common presentation. |
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Auer rods; peroxidase + cytoplasmic inclusions seen mostly in M3 AML; ↑↑↑ circulating myeloblast on peropheral smear; adults. Acute myelogenous leukemia. |
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Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) Myeloid neoplasm Findings |
Age: peak incidence 45 - 85 years, median age at diagnosis 64 years. Defined by the Philadelphia chromosome t (9;22), BCR-ABL. Splenomegaly; may accelerate transform AML to ALL ("blast crisis"). Very low LAP (vs. leukemoid reaction, in which ↑LAP) Responds to imatinib (bcr-abl inihibitor) |
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Myeloid stem cell proliferation; presents with ↑neutrophils, metamyelocytes, basophils Chronic myelogenous leukemia. |
