Lesson 2: Natural/innate Immunity

Front 1

ability of individual to resist infe tion by nornally present body function

Back 1

Natural innate immunity

Front 2

what are the furst external defense

Back 2

physical barrier. chemical barrier. normal flora. physiologic processes. and miscellanous

Front 3

what are the physical barriers

Back 3

unbroken skin

mucous membrane

nasal hair

vaginal acidity

cillia of respiratory tract

Front 4

chemical barriers

Back 4

mucus

sebum

sweat

cerumen acids

tears

saliva

lysozymes

Front 5

sweat contains? its ph?

Back 5

lactic acid. ph 5

Front 6

competes with pathogens for nutrients

Back 6

normal flora

Front 7

physiologic processes

Back 7

sneezing

coughing

vomiting

gag reflex

perspiration

shivering

crying

urination

defecation

clotting

yawinibg

burping

Front 8

miscellanous

Back 8

body temp

age

ph

hormones

Front 9

second line of defense also known as

Back 9

internal defense system

Front 10

2nd line defense system is divided into

Back 10

cellular and humoral

Front 11

cellular components

Back 11

phagocytes

basophil

eosinophil

mast cell

NKC

Antigen presenting cell

acute phase reactants

Front 12

phagocytes

Back 12

neutrophil and monocytes/macrophage

Hint 12

2 types

Front 13

humoral components

Back 13

cytokines

complement

interferon

inflammation

lysozymes

Hint 13

c2i2l

Front 14

it is the engulfment and destruction of foreign cells or particulates by leukocytes macrophages and other cells

Back 14

phagocytosis

Front 15

consists of recognition and ingestion of larger particles also known as

Back 15

phagosome

Front 16

adherance of the recwptors on the endothelial cell walls of blood vessels and pentrates tissues through

Back 16

diapedesis

Front 17

cells are attracred to the site of inflammation by chemical substances

Back 17

chemotaxis

Front 18

steps of phagocytosis

Back 18

chemotaxis

adherence

engulfment

phagosome formation

fusion

digestion

Hint 18

CAEPFD

Front 19

via PRR PATHOGEN RECOGNITION RECEPTORS

uses pathogen associated molecular pattern on the microbe surface

Back 19

direct interaction

Front 20

attach to foreign substances and prepare it for phagocytosis

Back 20

opsonins

Hint 20

para mas masarap nirready nito yung nonself. parang msg

Front 21

pseudopodia surround the pathogen then fuse to for a vacuole PHAGOSOME. then converted into phagolysosome

Back 21

ingestion

Front 22

occurs inside the phagolysosome

Back 22

digestion

Front 23

produced in the digestion process that is toxic to pathogens

Back 23

nitric oxide

Front 24

NADPH OXIDASE forms o2 radicak which is toxic to the pathogens

Back 24

oxygen-dependent mechanism

Front 25

superoxide is converted into kore stable oxidative burst product which is

Back 25

H202

Front 26

involves DEFENSINS which are antibiotic like made by phagocytes

inbolves DIGESTIVE ENZYMES present in the phavolysosome

Back 26

oxygen independent mechanism

Front 27

lipopeptides. targets mycobacteria

Back 27

TLR1

Front 28

peptidoglycan, lipoproteins zymosan targets g- bacteria, mycobacteria and yeasts

Back 28

TLR2

Front 29

lipopolysaccharides, fusion proteins and mannan. targets g- bacteria rsv fungi

Back 29

TLR 4

Front 30

flagellin targets bacteria w flagellae

Back 30

TLR5

Front 31

lipopeptides lipoteichoic acid zymosan. targets mycobacteria g- bacteria and yeasts

Back 31

TLR 6

Front 32

TLR receptors found in endosomal compartments

Back 32

TLR 3, 8, 7, 9, 10

Front 33

TLR 3

Back 33

double stranded RNA. targets rna viruses

Front 34

sibgle stranded rna. targets rna virusea

Back 34

TLR 7

Front 35

single stranded rna. targetz rna viruses

Back 35

TLR8

Front 36

double stranded dna. targets dna viruses bacterial dna

Back 36

TLR 9

Front 37

unknown. targets unknwon

Back 37

TLR 10

Front 38

normal serum constituents that increase repidly because of infection injury or trauma

Back 38

Acute phase reactants

Front 39

functions of APR?

Back 39

binds ro microorganisms promoting adherence

limuts destruction caused by the release of proteolytic enzymes from WBCs

Front 40

examples of acute phase reactants

Back 40

c-reactive protein

serum amyloid a

complement

alpha 1 antitrypsin

haptoglobin

fibrinogen

ceruloplasmin

Hint 40

CSCA1HFC

Front 41

APR are produced by

Back 41

hepatocytes

Front 42

aprs are produced with _____ in response to ?

Back 42

12-24 hrs, cytokine

Front 43

what rae the cytokines involved

Back 43

interleukin 1, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha

Front 44

most widely used indicator of acute inflammation

Back 44

C Reactive Protein

Front 45

who discovered c reactive protein

Back 45

tillet and francis in 1930

Front 46

c reactive protein peaks within

Back 46

48 hrs

Front 47

it promotes phagocytosis by binding specific receptors found on monocytesacrophages and neutrophils

Back 47

c reactive protein

Front 48

average low risk

Back 48

<1mg/l

Front 49

high risk

Back 49

1-3 mg/l

Front 50

>3mg/L

Back 50

high risk

Front 51

crp is easily destroyed by heating at __ for ___

Back 51

56C for 30 mins

Front 52

normal level of AAA in adults

Back 52

5-8 ug/ml

Front 53

saa has high affinity for

Back 53

good cholesterol (hdl)

Front 54

acts as a chemical messenger similar to a cytokine, and it activates monocytes and macrophages

Back 54

Serum amyloid a

Front 55

increases more in ____ than in ____

Back 55

bacterial infection, viral infection

Front 56

saa peak bet ____ after acyte infecyion

Back 56

24-48 hrs

Front 57

major functuon of complement

Back 57

opsonization

chemotaxis

lysis of cells

Hint 57

OCL

Front 58

refers to as series of serum protein that are normally present and whose overall function is mediation of inflammatiob

Back 58

complement

Front 59

a 52 kd protein that is primarily synthesized in the liver

Back 59

Alpha 1-antitrypsin

Front 60

linuts harmful effects of inflammation

Back 60

AAT

Front 61

a general plasma inhibitor of proteases that is released by leukocytes

also regulates espression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF- alpha, interleukin-1beta and IL6

Back 61

AAT

Front 62

increases ____ following inflammation stress and tissue necrosis

Back 62

2 flods

Front 63

normal plasma concentration of haptoglobin

Back 63

40-290 mg/dl

Front 64

most abundant coagulation factor

Back 64

fibrinogen

Front 65

fibrinogen is cleaved by

Back 65

thrombin

Front 66

nornal levels of fibrinogen

Back 66

200-400 mg/dL

Front 67

deficiency of ceruloplasmin is associated with

Back 67

wilsons disease

Front 68

acts as opsonin which is calcium dependent

Back 68

mannose- binding protein

Front 69

cardinal signs of inflammation

Back 69

redness. heat. swelling. pain. loss of function

Front 70

redness

Back 70

rubor

Front 71

heat

Back 71

calor

Front 72

swelling

Back 72

edema

Front 73

pain

Back 73

dolor

Front 74

large granular lymphocytes. null cells. kiss of death

Back 74

natural killer cells

Front 75

first line of defense against vurally infected cells

Back 75

natural killer cells

Front 76

have the ability to recognized any damaged cell and to eliminate such target cells without prior exposure to them

Back 76

NK CELLS

Front 77

inhibitory signal of nk cells

Back 77

MHC-1

Front 78

inhibitory receptors that bind with MHC-1

Back 78

killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors

CD94/NKG2A receptors

Front 79

activating receptors that binds stress proteins

Back 79

CD16

NKG20

Front 80

proteins form channels in the target cell membrane

Back 80

perforins

Front 81

packets of enzymes that may enter through tha channels and mediate lysis

Back 81

Granzymes

Front 82

small proteins that act ast chemical messenger which regulates immnue system

Back 82

cytokines