Lesson 1 - Medical Basics

Front 1

Order the individual units that make up the body

Back 1

cells, tissues, organs, systems

Front 2

Circulatory/Cardiovascular System

Back 2

FUNCTION: Transports blood throughout the body

Hint 2

INCLUDES: heart, blood, blood vessels (capillaries, veins, and arteries)

Front 3

Lymphatic System

Back 3

FUNCTION: essential to the immune system; returns excess cellular waste products /fluid from the tissues to the circulatory system by way of a clear fluid called lymph

Hint 3

INCLUDES:

Front 4

Respiratory System

Back 4

FUNCTION: controls breathing

Hint 4

INCLUDES:

Front 5

Digestive System/Alimentary Canal

Back 5

FUNCTION: brings food into the body and breaks it down to nourish the body

Hint 5

INCLUDES: mouth, pharynx(throat), esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum, anus

Front 6

Urinary System

Back 6

FUNCTIONS: maintains the proper balance of water, salts, acids through constant filtering of the blood by reabsorbing water as needed or removing excess fluids (urine) from the body.

Hint 6

INCLUDES: kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

Front 7

Nervous System

Back 7

FUNCTION: coordinates and controls all bodily actions

Hint 7

MAJOR STRUCTURES: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs

Front 8

Sensory Organs

Back 8

FUNCTION: receive messages from the environment and carry them to the brain

Hint 8

INCLUDES: eyes, ears, skin

Front 9

Skin/Integumentary System

Back 9

FUNCTION: makes up the outer layer of the body

Hint 9

INCLUDES: sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair, nails

Front 10

Male & Female Reproductive Systems

Back 10

FUNCTION: produce the cells that unite to form the embryo, fetus, and infant. Testes and Ovaries create hormones as well

Hint 10

MAKE-UP: Male testes, female ovary sex organs

Front 11

Endocrine System

Back 11

FUNCTION: produces hormones secreted directly into the bloodstream to reach cells and organs throughout the body. Endocrine glands regulate body activities.

Hint 11

MAJOR GLANDS: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pineal glands, the thymus, pancreas, gonads

Front 12

Musculoskeletal System

Back 12

FUNCTION: supports the body and allows it to move

Hint 12

INCLUDES: the muscles, connective tissue, bones, joints

Front 13

Name all 11 Systems of the body

Back 13

1. Cardiovascular System
2. Lymphatic System
3. Respiratory System
4. Digestive System
5. Urinary System
6. Nervous System
7. Sensory Organs
8. Skin/Integumentary System
9. Endocrine System
10. Male/Female Reproductive System
11. Musculoskeletal System

Front 14

Sign vs Symptom

Back 14

SIGN: (objective) evidence of a condition that can be observed/evaluated by others e.g. a fever
SYMPTOM: (subjective) evidence of a condition/disease that cannot be measured e.g. headache or sore throat

Front 15

D: Atrophy (sign)

Back 15

a wasting away of shrinking tissues

Front 16

D: Edema (sign)

Back 16

accumulated excess fluid in the tissues

Front 17

D: Hypertrophy (sign)

Back 17

overdevelopment of the size of an organ due to an increase in the size of the cells

Front 18

D: Pyrexia (sign)

Back 18

feverish

Front 19

D: Hypothermia (Pyrexia sign)

Back 19

a body temperature below normal

Front 20

D: Hyperpyrexia (Pyrexia sign)

Back 20

a life threatening high temperature

Front 21

D: VITAL SIGN (Vsign)

Back 21

evidence that a patient is alive: i.e. body temp, heart rate(pulse), and respiration rate

Front 22

Describe: Temperature (T) (Vsign)

Back 22

Normal 98.6
Elevated T = a fever
low fever: 99-101
moderate fever: 101-103
high fever: 103-105
Afebrile = no fever

Front 23

Describe: Pulse (P) (Vsign)

Back 23

rhythmic beating = recurrent expansion/contraction of an arterial wall.
Normal heart rate: 60-80beats/min

Front 24

Tachycardia vs Bradycardia

Back 24

Tachycardia = greater than 100beats/min
Bradychardia = less than 60beats/min

Front 25

Describe: Respiration (R) (Vsign)

Back 25

breathing brings in oxygen while the circulating blood supplies the this said oxygen to the tissues and returns carbon dioxide to the lungs
Normal rate of respiration: 16-18breaths/min

Front 26

Apnea vs Hyperpnea vs Bradypnea

Back 26

Apnea = cessation of respiration
Hyperpnea = respiration rate of over 25breaths/min
Bradypnea = slow breathing rate of 8-9breaths/min

Front 27

D: Anorexia (symp)

Back 27

loss of appetite

Front 28

D: Malaise (symp)

Back 28

a vague sensation of not feeling well

Front 29

D: Nausea (symp)

Back 29

sickness of the stomach with the desire to throw up

Front 30

D: Tinnitus (symp)

Back 30

ringing in the ears

Front 31

D: Vertigo (symp)

Back 31

sensation of spinning or turning around

Front 32

D: Syndrome

Back 32

a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a disease process
syn=together
drome=running together

example:carpal tunnel
sign: compression of a nerve in the wrist
symptom: burning tingling, pain, numbness of the hand