Leslie - Microanatomy - Bird - Circulatory

Front 1

What are the three functions of the circulatory system?

Back 1

Pump, transport (O2, wastes, etc), distribute (O2, nutrients distributed to cells and waste products picked up to be transported out of the body)

Front 2

What are the five components of the circulatory system?

Back 2

Heart, Arteries, Capillaries, Veins, Lymphatics

Front 3

What are the four construction considerations of the circulatory system?

Back 3

1. Velocity
2. Pressure
3. Volume
4. Requirements of pumping, transportation, and distribution.

Front 4

What are the three layers of the wall of circulatory vessels? What do they correlate to in the respiratory vessels?

Back 4

Tunica intima, media, and adventitia.

Tunica intima correlates to the tunica mucosa and tunica submucosa.

Tunica media correlates to the tunica muscularis.

Front 5

What separates the tunica intima and tunica media?

Back 5

The internal elastic lamina.

Front 6

What separates the tunica media and the tunica adventitia?

Back 6

The external elastic lamina.

Front 7

What are the layers of the tunica intima?

Back 7

The endothelium and sub-endothelium.

Front 8

What are the three layers of the endothelium of the tunica intima?

What cells are found in the sub-endothelium?

Back 8

The glycocalyx, endothelial cells (usually flattened cells with prominent nucleus) and basement membrane make up the endothelium.

The sub-endothelium has fibroelastic CT and fibroblasts longitudinally arranged.

Front 9

In this picture of a muscular artery, you can see the tunica media and tunica intima. What fibers and cells are found in the tunica media?

Back 9

Smooth muscle cells, collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and fibroblasts.

Front 10

In contrast to the muscular artery, the elastic artery is full of what?

Back 10

Elastic fibers. They obscure the internal and external elastic laminae.

Front 11

In this picture of a small muscular artery, you can see the tunica adventitia. What comprises the tunica adventitia?

Back 11

The external elastic lamina (separating the media from the adventitia), firbroelastic CT, nerves and blood vessels throughout.

Front 12

What is the tunica intima of the heart? What would that correlate to in the respiratory system?

Back 12

The endocardium. In the respiratory system, the mucosa and submucosa is the correlate to the tunica intima of the circulatory system.

Front 13

What are the letters denoting in this picture?

Back 13

A - adipose tissue
M - myocardium
Epi - epicardium
E - endocardium
P - papillary muscles

Front 14

What does the myocardium correlate to in the respiratory and circulatory system?

Back 14

Tunica media in the circulatory system and tunica muscularis in the respiratory system.

Front 15

What would correlate to tunica serosa in the heart?

Back 15

The epicardium.

Front 16

What tissues and membranes make up the epicardium?

Back 16

Loose connective tissue layers containing adipose tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and a serous membrane.

Front 17

Identify the letters in this picture

Back 17

M - the serous membrane mesothelial lining on the thin layer of loose connective tissue.

A - adipose tissue

F - fibrous connective tissue making up the fibrous rings.

These are components of the epicardium

Front 18

The visceral pericardium on the mesothelial lining of the epicardium is normally comprised of what type of cell?

Back 18

Normally squamous cells, but when stimulated, they can "rise up" to a cuboidal, or extended cuboidal appearance.

Front 19

What is the cardiac skeleton?

Back 19

This skeleton is made up of four rings circling the valves. Connecting the rings is a band of fibrous tissue called trigonum fibrosum – connecting the two A-V valves. A poorly developed trigonum fibrosum leads to poor function of the heart. Part of this can ossify and become the os cordis in cattle.

Front 20

What is the annuli fibrosi?

Back 20

Fibrous rings formed around the base of the aorta, pulmonary artery, and AV orifices.

Front 21

What is the trigonum fibrosum?

Back 21

Part of the cardiac skeleton between the atrioventricular canals – continuous with the annuli fibrosi.

Front 22

What is the septum membranaceum?

Back 22

Part of the cardiac skeleton in the upper portion of the interventricular septum.

Front 23

What makes up the cardiac valves?

Back 23

Dense irregular connective tissue continuous with the annuli fibrosi.

Connective tissue of the AV valves continuous with the collagenous fibers in the tendonous cords (chordae tendinae) attached to the ventricular surface of the valves.

The dense nodules of collagen or cartilage at the edge of each cusp of the semi-lunar valves also help to make up the cardiac valves.

Front 24

What are the impulse conduction fibers?

Back 24

What she prefers to call Purkinje fibers.

These are the modified cardiac muscle cells leading to proper origination and sequencing of atrial and ventricular contractions.

The impulse conduction fibers are an additional, specialized impulse-generating, impulse conducting system.

Front 25

What do the impulse conduction fibers look like?

Back 25

They tend to be puffy, pale, washed out, and don't stain well. She likes this representation of them (the center area).

Front 26

What are the SA and AV nodes composed of?

Back 26

Impulse conduction fibers! The same fibers that comprise Purkinje fibers make up the pacemaker cells in these nodes.

Front 27

What are the receptors of the circulatory system?

Back 27

Chemoreceptors and baroreceptors.

Front 28

What are the two bodies of the chemoreceptors?

Back 28

Carotid bodies and aortic bodies.

Front 29

What are the carotid bodies of the chemoreceptors?

Back 29

They are located at the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries. They are an extension of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Front 30

What are the aortic bodies of the chemoreceptors?

Back 30

They are located on the aortic arch between the subclavian arteries and the left common carotid artery. They are an extension of the vagus nerve.

Front 31

What are the two sinuses of the baroreceptors?

Back 31

Carotid sinus and aortic sinus.

Front 32

What is the carotid sinus of the baroreceptors?

Back 32

It is one of the sinuses of the baroreceptors. It is the dilation in the internal carotid artery associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Front 33

What is the aortic sinus of the baroreceptors?

Back 33

It is one of the sinuses of the baroreceptors. It is the dilation in the aorta associated with the vagus nerve.