Lehninger Biochemistry - Ch. 2 - Water

Front 1

hydrogen bond

Back 1

a weak electrostatic attraction between one electronegative atom (nitrogen or oxygen) and a hydrogen atom covalently linked to to a second electronegative atom

Hint 1

p. 10, 44

Directionality (46)
Examples (46)
Formation of (45-46, 114-115)
In ice (44-45)
Low-barrier (207)
in Nucleic Acids (277-280, 284, 286)
in Polysaccharides (245, 247-258)
Properties (44-46)
in water (43-49)
as weak interactions (50-51)

Front 2

bond energy

Back 2

the energy required to break a bond

Hint 2

p. 114

Front 3

hydrophilic

Back 3

polar or charged; describes molecules or groups that associate (easily dissolve in) with water

Hint 3

p. 49-50

Front 4

hydrophobic

Back 4

nonpolar, describes molecules or groups that are insoluble in water

Hint 4

p. 10, 46

Front 5

amphipathic

Back 5

containing both polar and nonpolar domains

Hint 5

p. 46, 48-49

Front 6

micelle

Back 6

an aggregate of amphipathic molecules in water, with the nonpolar portions in the interior and the polar portions at the exterior surface, exposed to water

Hint 6

p. 48-49, 374

Front 7

hydrophobic interactions

Back 7

the association of nonpolar groups or compounds with each other in aqueous systems, driven by the tendency of the surrounding water molecules to seek their most stable (disordered) state

Hint 7

p. 49, 50, 114

in amphipathic compounds (48-49)
in globular proteins (130)
in protein stability (114-115)

Front 8

London forces

Back 8

weak, temporary, attractive forces between molecules that induce dipoles in each other

Hint 8

p. 49

Front 9

van der Waals interactions

Back 9

weak intermolecular forces between molecules as a result of each inducing polarization in the other

Hint 9

p. 10, 49-50

in myoglobin (130)
tertiary protein structure (130)

Front 10

osmolarity

Back 10

N/A

Hint 10

p. 51-52