Lee Sociology Final

Front 1

(Begin Ch. 10)
Things society attaches to being male or female. Socially constructed. Shapes thoughts, feelings, and actions. It's subject to change.

Back 1

Gender.

Front 2

the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between men and women.

Back 2

Gender Stratification.

Front 3

a form of social orgnization in which females dominate males.

Back 3

Matriarchy.

Front 4

a form of social organization in which males dominate females.

Back 4

Patriarchy.

Front 5

the belief that one sex is innately superior to the other.

Back 5

sexism.

Front 6

Gender Stratification in politics

Back 6

under–representation of women in political positions.

Front 7

attitudes and activities that a society links to each sex.

Back 7

Gender Roles.

Front 8

Women have the lowest social standing on which continent?

Back 8

Africa.

Front 9

Jobs traditionally done only by women.
Tend to be personal service oriented.

Back 9

Pink Collar Jobs

Front 10

Are there more men or women in college?

Back 10

There are more women attending college.

Front 11

In the teaching profession, does the share of teachers who are women increase or decrease as the grade level taught increases?

Back 11

The share of female teachers decreases as the grade increases.

Front 12

Percent of women working with kids?

Back 12

70%

Front 13

Why are women a minority?

Back 13

A minority is a category of people defined as different and disadvantaged.

Front 14

Women earned____to a man's dollar in 2009?

Back 14

77 cents

Front 15

The term that descibes women coming home from work and doing the majority of household chores.

Back 15

The 2nd Shift

Front 16

Barrier preventing women from being promoted.

Back 16

The glass ceiling

Front 17

the notion that women should measure their worth in terms of physical appearance

Back 17

The Beauty Myth

Front 18

Why is the presence of women in the military such a controversy?

Back 18

Women seen as nurturers instead of people who kill others.

Front 19

comments, gestures, or physical contacts of sexual nature that are deliberate, repeated, and unwelcomed.

Back 19

Sexual Harassment.

Front 20

The surgical removal of the clitoris. Practiced in Africa

Back 20

Female genital mutilation.

Front 21

looks at race, class, and gender. Multi–layered arrangement of disadvantage

Back 21

Intersection Theory.

Front 22

support of social equality for women and men, in opposition to patriarchy and sexism.

Back 22

Feminism.

Front 23

Seeks equal opportunity for both sexes within the existing society.

Back 23

Liberal Feminism.

Front 24

Claims that gender equality will come about by replacing capitalism with socialism.

Back 24

Socialist Feminism

Front 25

seeks to eliminate the concept of gender itself and to create an egalitarian and gender–free society.

Back 25

Radical Feminism

Front 26

Resistance to feminism is most prevalent amongst which demographic of women?

Back 26

Women with lower income and lower levels of education.

Front 27

(end Ch. 10)
The____amendment gave women the right to vote in_____?

Back 27

The 19th amendment gave women the right to vote in 1920.

Front 28

(begin Ch. 11)
Socially constructed category of people who share biological transmitted traits that members of society consider important. Cannot be altered.

Back 28

Race

Front 29

A shared cultural heritage. Socially constructed. Cultural Traits! Can be altered.

Back 29

Ethnicity

Front 30

Racial Minorities

Back 30

typically have less income, schooling, power, and prestige

Front 31

Species vs race

Back 31

Human beings all belong to the same species, regardless of race.

Front 32

Measures prejudice amongst college students.
Shows patterns of people being more accepting towards minorities, excluding arabs and muslims.

Back 32

Bogardus Social distance scale.

Front 33

The fear of Arab and Muslim people.

Back 33

Islamophobia

Front 34

Where do Arab Americans emigrate from?

Back 34

North Africa and the Middle East

Front 35

Today, most immigrants come from where?

Back 35

Mexico.

Front 36

The largest minority in the US is______?

Back 36

Hispanics

Front 37

Where do most Hispanics live? What region of the US?

Back 37

Most Hispanics live in the southwest.

Front 38

The largest Hispanic minority in the US is______

Back 38

Mexicans.

Front 39

Most recent immigrants are coming from_____

Back 39

Latin America, NOT Europe.

Front 40

African Americans account for __% of the US pop. They tend to live in what part of the US?

Back 40

African Americans account for 13% of the population and live in the southeast.

Front 41

What is the largest Asian minority in the US in terms of population?

Back 41

Chinese Americans.

Front 42

Which States have a minority Majority?

Back 42

California.
New Mexico.
Texas.
Hawaii.

Front 43

Which states have the least amount of minorities?

Back 43

Maine.
New Hampshire.
Vermont.
West Virginia.

Front 44

A simplified description applied to every person in some category. May be positive or negative.

Back 44

Stereotype.

Front 45

a rigid and unfair generalization about an entire category of people. refers to attitudes

Back 45

Prejudice.

(prejudice and discrimination reinforce one another).

Front 46

unequal treatment of various categories of people. Involves actions/behavior

Back 46

Discrimination.

(prejudice and discrimination reinforce one another).

Front 47

Bias built into the operation of society's institutions

Back 47

Institutional prejudice and discrimination.

Front 48

process by which minorites gradually adopt the patterns of the dominant culture.
Ex. Changes in dress, language, religion, values, and friends.

Back 48

Assimiliation.

Front 49

discrimination based on sound of voice

Back 49

Linguistic profiling.

Front 50

biological reproduction by partners of different racial categories

Back 50

Miscegenation.

Front 51

Why is the US not a truly pluralistic society today?

Back 51

Different racial and ethnic categories are unequal in social standing

Front 52

physical and social separation of categories of people.
ex. exluding minorites from neighborhoods, schools, and occupations

Back 52

Segregation

Front 53

the systematic killing of one category of people by another.
ex. extermination of Jews by the Nazis

Back 53

Genocide

Front 54

Position of Native American in the social stratification system.

Back 54

–They were here 15–30k years before europeans. –Social standing well below the national average.
–Red Skins is a racial slur against Native Americans.

Front 55

What year did Native Americans gain citizenship?

Back 55

1924

Front 56

(WASPs)

Back 56

White Anglo–Saxon Protestants were most of the original european settlers of the United States, and many continue to enjoy high social positon today.

Front 57

White ethnic Americans
(end Ch. 11)

Back 57

non–WASPs who's ancestors emigrated from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries. In response to prejudice and discrimination, many white ethnics formed supportive residential enclaves.

Front 58

The study of human population

Back 58

Demography

Front 59

The incidence of childbearing in a country's population

Back 59

Fertility

Front 60

The number of live births in a given year for every 1,000 people in a population

Back 60

Crude birth rate

Front 61

The incidence of death in a country's population

Back 61

Mortality

Front 62

The number of deaths in a given year for every 1,000 people in a population

Back 62

Crude death rate

Front 63

The number of deaths among infants under one year of age for each 1,000 live births in a given year

Back 63

Infant mortality rate

Front 64

The average life span of a country's population

Back 64

Life expectancy

Front 65

The movement of people into and out of a specified territory

Back 65

Migration

Front 66

The number of males for every 100 females in a nation's population

Back 66

Sex ratio

Front 67

A graphic representation of the age and sex of a population

Back 67

Age–sex pyramid

Front 68

A thesis that links population patterns to a society's level of technological development

Back 68

Demographic transition theory

Front 69

The rate of reproduction that maintains population at a steady level

Back 69

Zero population growth

Front 70

The concentration of population into cities

Back 70

Urbanization

Front 71

A large city that socially and economically dominates an urban area

Back 71

Metropolis

Front 72

Urban ares beyond the political boundaries of a city

Back 72

Suburbs

Front 73

A vast urban region containing a number of cities and their surrounding suburbs

Back 73

Megalopolis

Front 74

A type of social organization in which people are closely tied by kinship and tradition

Back 74

Gemeinschaft

Front 75

A type of social organization in which people come together only on the basis of individual self–interest

Back 75

Gesellschaft

Front 76

The study of the link between physical and social dimensions of cities

Back 76

Urban ecology

Front 77

The study of the interaction of living organisms and the natural environment

Back 77

Ecology

Front 78

Earth's surface and atmosphere, including living organisms, air, water, soil, and other resources necessary to sustain life

Back 78

Natural environment

Front 79

The interaction of all living organisms and their natural environment

Back 79

Ecosystem

Front 80

Profound long–term harm to the natural environment caused by humanity's focus on short–term material affluence

Back 80

Environmental deficit

Front 81

Regions of dense forestation, most of which circle the globe close to the equator

Back 81

Rain forests

Front 82

A rise in Earth's average temperature due to an increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Back 82

Global warming

Front 83

Patterns of development that expose poor people, especially minorities, to environmental hazards

Back 83

Environmental racism

Front 84

A way of life that meets the needs of the present generation without threatening the environmental legacy of future generations

Back 84

Ecologically sustainable culture

Front 85

social change

Back 85

the transformation
of culture and social institutions
over time

Front 86

collective behavior

Back 86

activity
involving a large number of
people that is unplanned, often
controversial, and can bring
about change

Front 87

crowd

Back 87

a temporary gathering
of people who share a common
focus of attention and who
influence one another

Front 88

mob

Back 88

a highly emotional
crowd that pursues a violent or
destructive goal

Front 89

riot

Back 89

a social eruption that is
highly emotional, violent, and
undirected

Front 90

rumor

Back 90

unconfirmed information
that people spread informally,
by word of mouth or by
using electronic devices

Front 91

fashion

Back 91

social patterns favored
by a large number of people

Front 92

fad

Back 92

an unconventional social
pattern that people embrace
briefly but enthusiastically

Front 93

social movement

Back 93

an organized
activity in which people set
out to encourage or discourage
social change

Front 94

claims making

Back 94

the process of
trying to convince the public and
public officials of the importance
of joining a social movement to
address a particular issue

Front 95

relative deprivation

Back 95

a perceived
disadvantage arising
from some specific comparison

Front 96

disaster

Back 96

an event, generally
unexpected, that causes extensive
harm to people and damage
to property

Front 97

modernity

Back 97

changes brought
about by the Industrial
Revolution

Front 98

modernization

Back 98

the process
of social change begun by
industrialization

Front 99

division of labor

Back 99

specialized
economic activity
anomie Durkheim’s
term for a condition in
which society provides
little moral guidance to
individuals

Front 100

mass society

Back 100

a
society in which
prosperity and
expanding
bureaucracy have
weakened traditional
social ties

Front 101

class society

Back 101

a
capitalist society
with pronounced
social
stratification

Front 102

social character

Back 102

personality patterns
common to members
of a particular society
tradition-directedness
rigid conformity to
time-honored ways of
living

Front 103

other-directedness

Back 103

openness to the latest
trends and fashions,
often expressed by imitating
others

Front 104

postmodernity

Back 104

the transformations
caused by
the Information
Revolution and
the postindustrial
economy