Lecture Topic 9 Crp

Front 1

Four factors influenced the implementation of fluoridation in Australia in 1950s

Back 1

New perceptions of the caries process
 Evolving insight into fluoride pharmacokinetics
 Adhesive dentistry
 Technological advances

Front 2

The aim and objectives of “Oral Health through Fluoride” by WHO are?

Back 2

 Review and highlight successes in promoting oral health through the use of
fluoride.
 Identify barriers for making fluoride available to all;
 Explore effective strategies for making fluoride available and affordable to all;
 Develop an action plan for fluoride promotion and advocacy

Front 3

Optimal fluoridation of drinking water is normally determined by:

Back 3

mean annual temperature, assuming that people drink more water in a hotter
climates
 Intake from other fluoride sources

Front 4

Climate dictated determination of optimal concentration was adopted after a number of
studies conducted in the USA, yet they were found to be unsuitable for Asian and African regions. Why? Give examples

Back 4

Different lifestyle and usage of other fluorides from USA.

Air cond: less water drinking
Increase in soft drink and bottled water

Front 5

From the review of 113 water fluoridation studies, what was the reduction of caries in percentage?

Back 5

40 to 49% in primary
50 to 59% in permanent

Front 6

Recent evidence suggests that an
additional 20% caries reduction can be achieved if artificial water fluoridation is
practiced in combination with the use of fluoridated toothpaste. Why is the improvement lower than the initial improvement?

Back 6

the initial studies were done when the caries rate was high.

Front 7

Comment on Cost-effectiveness of water fluoridation. Give figures.

Back 7

most cost effective means of fluoride delivery. Savings of $1b over next 25 years in Vic. $1.1b in QLD over next 30 years.

Front 8

removal of excess naturally occurring fluoride. Give methods. Which is most effective?

Back 8

activated carbon, bone meal, hydroxy-apatite, lime and
activated alumina.

Activated alumina: most effective but expensive

Front 9

In determining the ethics of fluoridation one has to determine ___ and ____.

Back 9

beneficence
justice (equity)

Front 10

Give 5 benefits of water fluridation

Back 10

reduces caries occurance by 50%
caries lesions are smaller hence simpler to restore
more people are keeping their teeth longer
cost effective method of delivery
simple technique to implement
reaches entire community
passive intervention
It has a systemic as well as a topical

Front 11

What are the potential strategies to address caries problem in QLD?

Back 11

Education and oral health promotion programmes
Concentrate public funds on patients in the high needs
Provide free or heavily subsidised dental care
Salt fluoridation

Front 12

Disad of Education and oral health promotion programmes

Back 12

time consuming and costly.
Require motivation and behavioural change

Front 13

Disad of "Concentrate public funds on patients in the high needs categories"

Back 13

Already $156m is being spent and lengthy waiting list. Too expensive

Front 14

Disad of "Provide free or heavily subsidised dental care"

Back 14

Too expensive.

Front 15

Disad of "Salt fluoridation"

Back 15

does not reach as far as water fluridation. Cause Hypertension

Front 16

Does water fluoridation cause osteoporosis and bone fractures?

Back 16

no

Front 17

List the era in water fluoridation in Australia

Back 17

All increments of 5 from 1945 except in 70 to 80 then to 2005 and 2007.

45 Intellectual interest and hesitance
50 Formal acceptance
55 Early implementation
60 Implementation
65 Further implementation
70 More implementation
80 2005 Reassessment and further QLD hesitance
2007 QLD gets on board

Front 18

which town was F first introduced?

Back 18

Beaconsfield, Tasmania

Front 19

which state becomes Australia's first fluoridated state? When?

Back 19

NSW (1957)