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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of the juxtaglomerular cells and the cells of the ____ . |
macula densa |
|
Peristalsis in the esophagus is controlled by the myenteric plexus. |
False |
|
Pepsinogen is an active protease in the stomach. |
False |
|
____ are the major hormones which control digestion. |
Gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin |
|
Which of the following biomolecules is primarily responsible for the production of urea following dietary metabolism? |
Proteins |
|
Drug(s) like ____ inhibit hydrogen ion pumps in the stomach. These pumps produce HCl which stimulates pepsin formation. |
Pepcid and Nexium |
|
The kidneys help to regulate the hydrogen ion concentration of body fluids by altering the rate at which hydrogen ions are secreted. |
True |
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE? |
The upper esophageal sphincter contains smooth muscle. |
|
Which of the following gastric enzymes digests proteins? |
Pepsin |
|
Which of the following is not a monosaccharide? |
sucrose |
|
Components of MALT, lymphatic nodules are located in the wall of the ____ of the small intestine. |
Ileum |
|
The ____ cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor |
Parietal Cells |
|
Both the lungs and the liver help to control blood levels of hydrogen ions. |
False |
|
This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed filtrate. |
Secretion |
|
The phosphate buffer system consists of |
Sodium monohydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. |
|
The largest serous membrane of the body is the ____. |
Peritoneum |
|
The volume of urine produced is regulated mainly by the activity in the distal convoluted tubule and the ____ . |
Collecting Duct |
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The two portions of a nephron that commonly contribute to the juxtaglomerular apparatus are the: |
Distal portion of ascending limb of loop of Henle and afferent arteriole. |
|
An increase in glomerular osmotic pressure will result in ____ the rate of glomerular filtration. |
An increase in |
|
Kidneys help to regulate acid-base balance of the blood by secreting hydroxyl ions. |
False |
|
As urine leaves the collecting duct of a pyramid, it enters a/an ____. |
Minor Calyx |
|
The countercurrent mechanism functions primarily in the |
Nephron Loop |
|
This is a test to measure kidney function. |
Plasma Creatinine. |
|
If the reabsorption of sodium by the renal tubule is inhibited, the |
All of these are correct |
|
The muscle contained within the pharynx is primarily skeletal muscle. |
True |
|
Which of the following is not a movement of the colon? |
Segmentation |
|
____ is the portion of the nephron where filtrate concentration occurs. |
Collecting Duct |
|
Deciduous molars are replaced by |
Bicuspids |
|
The chief cells of gastric glands secrete ____ . |
Pepsinogen |
|
This hormone is stimulated by high levels of dietary fat in the small intestine. |
Cholecystokinin |
|
Diabetes mellitus, in which fatty acids are converted to ketone bodies, leads to |
Metabolic Acidosis |
|
The ____ attaches the liver to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall. |
Falciform Ligament |
|
Normally, fluid enters the lymphatic capillaries as a result of active transport. |
False |
|
Countercurrent exchange refers to that portion of the countercurrent mechanism which results in a progressively increasing osmotic gradient in the juxtamedullary nephrons. |
False |
|
____ of the interstitial fluid regulates urine production and thirst. |
Osmotic Pressure |
|
The kidneys help to regulate the hydrogen ion concentration of body fluids by altering the rate at which hydrogen ions are secreted. |
True |
|
Tubular reabsorption allows some performance enhancing drugs or illegal drugs to pass from the blood into the urine. |
False |
|
A nephron consists of two portions: |
Renal Corpuscle and Renal Tubule |
|
The calcified connective tissue that forms most of a tooth, giving it shape and rigidity, is called ____. |
Dentin |
|
Water reabsorption occurs throughout the length of the renal tubule by the process of ____. |
Osmosis |
|
This portion of the peritoneum is largely responsible for carrying blood and lymph vessels to the intestines. |
Mesocolon |
|
A renal corpuscle is a ____ , whereas a renal tubule is a ____ . |
tangled cluster of blood capillaries; highly coiled tubule that leads away from the Bowman's capsule. |
|
he first capillary bed associated with the nephron functions to |
filter |
|
Which of the following is/are most likely to be part of the gastrointestinal reflex pathway? |
A and B are correct. |
|
A portal triad in the liver consists of branches of the: |
hepatic vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct |
|
Lipid metabolites are absorbed into the blood at the small intestine |
False |
|
___ is the contagious viral disease involving inflammation of parotid and other salivary glands |
Mumps |
|
The movement of chyme through the small intestine is increased by parasympathetic impulses and is inhibited by sympathetic impulses |
True |
|
The tubular secretion of penicillin occurs primarily through the walls of the proximal convoluted tubule |
False |
|
Juxtaglomerular cells: |
are modified smooth muscle cells that secrete renin, which helps regulate blood pressure |
|
The ____ is the largest salivary gland and secretes clear watery fluid full of amylase. |
Parotid Gland |
|
Bile salts function as digestive enzymes to break down fatty acids. |
False |
|
___ is when some substances move from the renal tubule into the renal capillaries, during urine formation |
Reabsorption |
|
If the pH of the blood were 7.2, the respiratory center in the brain stem would be inhibited and the carbon dioxide level would decrease. |
False |
|
Peristalsis in the small intestine |
is a series of migrating motility complexes |
|
The layer of connective tissue underlying the epithelium of the mucosa of the GI tract is called the ____. |
Lamina Propria |
|
This layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels. |
Lamina Propria |
|
Aldosterone from the adrenal cortex causes sodium ions to be ____ and water to be ____ . |
conserved, conserved |
|
Which of the following indicates the parts of a renal tubule in the correct sequence from beginning to end? |
proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb, ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule |
|
Rugae are folds in the mucous membrane lining of two digestive organs: the stomach and the ____. |
Gallbladder |
|
Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for absorption of nutrients? |
mucosa |
|
All loops of Henle receive their blood supply from the vasa recta |
False |
|
Mucus in the intestine is secreted by goblet cells in the mucosa and by duodenal glands in the submucosa. |
True |
|
The organ of the digestive system that receives both arterial (oxygenated) and venous (deoxygenated) blood is the ____. |
Liver |
|
Proteins of smaller molecular size may be reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by a form of ____ called pinocytosis. |
Endocytosis |
|
Which of the following enzyme(s) is (are) proteolytic? |
Trypsin |
|
Protein metabolites are absorbed into the lymph at the small intestine. |
False |
|
Lining the collecting ducts are epithelial cells called ____ cells that are sensitive to vasopressin |
Principal cell |
|
The ____ holds the small intestine loosely in place and binds it to the posterior abdominal wall |
Mesentery |
|
Stretching of the duodenum by chyme will activates a gastrointestinal reflex pathway. |
True |
|
Which of the following is not a major function of the liver? |
Stores Bile |
|
Cholesterol that has been removed from the blood is excreted as a component of ____. |
Bile |
|
A set of primary teeth consists of 20 teeth, while a set of secondary teeth consists of 32 teeth. |
True |
|
The ____ is an air only cavity (passageway) which contains the eustachian tubes and is found above the soft palate. |
Nasopharynx |
|
The ____ is the tube that extends from your mouth to your anus. |
Alimentary Canal |
|
This structure regulates the flow of material into the colon. |
Ileocecal Valve |
|
The vermiform appendix is a blind sac containing lymphatic tissue at the cecum jejunum junction |
False |
|
The ____ is a fold that runs from the stomach and duodenum to the liver. |
lesser omentum |
|
A protein deficiency may be accompanied by edema because of |
a decrease in plasma proteins and therefore a decrease in osmotic pressure. |
|
Large, fixed phagocytes in the lining of the hepatic sinusoids are called ____. |
Kupffer cells |