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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three major regions of the brain
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-Cerebrum
-Cerebellum -Brainstem |
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Cerebrum features
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-Cerebral hemispheres
-Gyri -Sulci -Longitudinal Fissure |
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Gyri
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Bumps or ridges on the brain
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Sulci
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The valleys on the brain
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Longitudinal Fissure
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Divides the brain into two hemispheres
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Cerebellum
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-Second largest part of the brain
-Has gyri, sulci and fissures |
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Features of the brainstem
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-Diencephalon
-Midbrain -Pons -Medulla oblongata -Ends at foramen magnum |
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Gray Matter
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Surface layer
-Cerebral cortex -Cerebellar cortex -Deep nuclei |
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White Matter
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-Internal
-Tracts |
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Between skull and brain
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-Dura mater (periosteal layer, meningeal later, no epidural space)
-Arachnoid mater -Pia mater |
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Major parts of brain separated by folds of meningeal layer
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-Falx cerebri
-Tentorium Cerebelli -Falx cerebelli |
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Falx Cerebri
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Separates the two sides of the cerebrum
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Tentorium cerebelli
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Separates cerebellum and cerebrum
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Falx cerebelli
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Separates two sides of cerebellum
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Dural Sinuses
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Superior sagittal sinus
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Ventricles
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Four internal chambers
-Lateral ventricles -Third ventricle -Fourth ventricle |
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Interventricular foramen
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Drain lateral ventricles to the third ventricle
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Cerebral aqueduct
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Connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle
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Central Canal
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Found in the spinal cord
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Cerebrospinal fluid
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-Clear colorless liquid
-Made and found in the ventricles -Found in subarachnoid space and central canal |
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Choroid plexuses
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Found in the ventricles where CSF is made
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CSF Functions
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-Buoyancy
-Protection -Chemical stability |
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Brainstem - Medulla oblongata
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-Pyramidal decussation
-Cardiac Center -Respiratory Centers (2) -Other Nuclei |
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Pyramidal decussation
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Motor fibers where axons cross over
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Cardiac Center
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Modulates heart beat
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Respiratory center
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Controls breathing rate
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Other nuclei
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Balance and sleep
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Brainstem - Pons
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Where cerebellum attaches
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Cerebellum
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-Motor coordination
-Cerebellar hemispheres (vermis) -Folia -Arbor vitae -Gray & white matter -Procedural memory |
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Brainstem - Midbrain
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-Tectum (Superior and Inferior colliculi)
-Substantia nigra -Reticular formation |
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Superior Colliculi
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Eye tracking
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Inferior colliculi
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Auditory coordination
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Substantia nigra
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Dopamine neurons
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Diencephalon
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-Thalamus
-Hypothalamus -Epithalamus -Pineal gland |
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Diencephalon - Thalamus
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-Most of diencephalon
-Gateway to the cerebral cortex -Filter and relay for sensory signals - |
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Diencephalon - Hypothalamus
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-Major control center of autonomic nervous system and endocrine system
-Essential role in homeostasis |
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Cerebrum
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-Gyri
-Sulci -Longitudinal fissure -Corpus callosum (white band of myelinated fibers) -Cerebral hemispheres -5 Lobes |
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Frontal Lobe
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-Anterior to central sulcus
-Cognition (thought) and higher mental processes -Motor planning -Primary motor cortex -Precentral gyrus |
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Parietal Lobe
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-Primary somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
-Taste |
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Occipital Lobe
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-Visual cortex (primary and association)
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Temporal Lobe
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-Below lateral sulcus
-Hearing -Smell -Learning, memory, some aspects of vision and emotion |
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Insula
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-Deep to lateral sulcus
-Taste, visceral sensation, spoken language |
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Cerebral Fiber tracts
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-Projection tracts (info to body
-Commissural tracts (info between hemispheres) Made of corpus callosum -Association tracts (little tracts between different regions) |
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Cerebral cortex
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-2-3 mm on surface of hemispheres
-Conscious awareness -Long term declarative memory |
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Basal nuclei
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-Motor control
-Procedural memory |
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Limbic system
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-Learning
-Emotion -Centers for gratification and aversion |
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Wernicke area
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Left temporal lobe
-Recognition of spoken and written language -Formulates phrases -Transmits a plan of speech |
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Broca area
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Frontal lobe
-Motor program for muscles -Comprehension -Gestures |
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Aphasias
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Lesion that results in language problems
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