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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does ABCDE mean in the context of lysogenic (phge) toxins? |
A- shigA-like toxin, B- Botulinum toxin (certains strains), C- Cholera toxin, D- Diphtheria toxin E- Erythrogenic toxin of streptococcus pyogenes |
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Infection vs Disease. contrast. |
Infection: multiplication of an organism inside a host Disease: response or injury from infection (less common) |
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Koch's postulates (HINT: there are 4) |
1. The microorganism or other pathogen must be present in cases of the disease ONLY. (NOTE: this is not always the case as opportunistic pathogens are normally found in our body but do not cause problems). 2. The pathogen can be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture 3. The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal 4. The pathogen must be reisolated from the new host and shown to be the same as the originally inoculated pathogen |
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What is a true pathogen, how is it different from an opportunistic pathogen? |
True pathogen: causes disease 100% in any susceptible host Opportunistic pathogen: rarely causes disease in a healthy individual |
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Define virulence factor |
Any bacterial factor, gene product or structural component that promotes infection and disease. (i.e. capsule, flagella, toxin, adhesion proteins, invasins, etcs) |
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Define Genomic Islands. |
These are groups of virulence associated genes that code for virulence factors. These are usually closely associated with t-RNA genes. |
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Explain how LPS (lipopolysaccharides) can lead to septic shock and death. |
A portion of the endotoxin LPS, Lipid A can bind to macrophages receptors (such as CD14 and TLR4) and cause a massive productions of cytokines such as IL-1, TNF-α, IL-6, these pro-inflammatory cytokines can lead to a severe |
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What are PAMPs ? |
Pathogen associated molecular patterns found on the surface of pathogens and recognized surveillance molecules and receptors such as TLRs (toll like receptors) and antibodies. |
