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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the pros of giving psychologists prescription privilanges? |
- continuity of care - Autonomous practice - Broaden the scope of practice of clinical psycholoist therefore giving them monopoly of market - Cost effctive |
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What are the cons of giving psychologists prescription privilanges? |
- Loss of uniqueness - Loss of psychotherapy focus - Problems with training |
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Who regulates therapy? |
college of physicians and psychologists |
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Why is it important to regulate psychotherapy? |
- Ensuring quality of care - Protects the public from harm |
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What are the problems with regulating therapy? |
- How to define psychotherapy - How to decide on minimal training required and who decides that - Requires a governing body - Many therapists would have to retrain - Sorting out roles on interdisciplinary teams - Payment would have to be increased for therapists who are not clinical psychologists |
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What are values? What are Ethics? |
- Values: what individuals and groups consider to be important and worthwhile - Ethics: guidelines thaat define the limits of permissible behaviour |
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What are some values that are reflected in ethical codes? |
- Diginity of people - No dual relationships - Client self determination - Right to privacy - Consent - Transparency |
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What are the canadian psychology code of ethics principles? |
- Respect for the diginity of persons - Responsible caring - Integrity in relationships - Responsibility to society |
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What does "Resprct for the diginity of persons" entail? |
- respect for right, protection of vulnerable persons and confidentiality |
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What does integrity in relatinoships entail? |
objectivity and lack of bias, openness, avoidance of conflict of interest |
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What are the major areas of liabilities for psychologists? |
- Failure to obtain informed consent - Negligent or improper fiagnosis - negligent treatment - physical or sexual contanct with clients - Breach of confidentiality - Overdue influence |
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What are the three major threats to objectvitity? |
- Making assumptions (simplistic reasoning, incomplete or biaed understanding of information) - Overidentification ( Lose capacity to keep emotional distance) - Overinvolvement ( get involved in dual roles, compelled to advocate for clients) |
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What are client - therapist boundaries? |
- Must override norm of reciprocity - No close relationships |
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What are the ways to define abnormal behaviour? |
- Statistocal infrequency - Violation of cultural norms - Personal distress - Siability or dysfunction - Unexpectedness |
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What is meant by statistical infrequency ? |
- When abnormal means infrequent - not all infrequent or rare behavior is problematic |
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What are the benefits of considerign personal distress when deciding if behaviuor is abnormal? what are the drawbacks? |
- People generally have self awareness and societal/ therapist expectations are not imposed on them - Not all abnormal behaviour causes distress |
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What is meant by disability or dysfunction? problem? |
- Abnormal behaviour which causes the individual to be unable to function normally in their social, personal or professional life. - Problem is that not all abnormal behaviour causes th eindividual disbaility or dysfunction but it might impact society |
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How is a mental disorder defined? |
- Clinically significant behaviour - associated with present distress, disability or increased risk of suffering death, pain, disbilaity or loss of freedom. |
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What is a syndrome? |
Cluster of abnormal behaviour asociated with distress |
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Who publishes the DSM? When was the first, 2nd, 3rd, 3R, and IV editions published? |
- American psychiatric association - DSM I 52 - DSM II 68 - DSM III 80 - III-R 87 - IV 94 |
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Which DSM introduced the multiaxial system? |
- DSM III |
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Hos is the DSM IV an improvement from the DSM III- R |
- greater discription of symptoms - attention to cultural differences - Specific diagnositc ciretion spelled out precisely |
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Limitations of DSM IV? |
- Discrete Categorical appraoch - Unsure whether rules for making diagnostic divisions clear - Reliability of Axis I and II not as reliable in clinical practice - Subjective factors still play a role in diagnosis |
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how many diagnoses were in DSM I? how many in DSM IV? |
106 365 |
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What does Axis I code for? |
- Most mental disorders - Diagnosed in infancy, childhood and adolescence - Cognitive disordres, substance abuse, schizophrenia, anxiety, phobias, Mood disorders, Somatoform, sexual and gender identity disorders, sleep, dissociative and impulsice control disorders |
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WHat does Axis II code for? |
Mental retardation and personality disorder |
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What does Axis III code for ? |
General medical conditions |
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What does Axis IV for? |
Psychosocial factos |
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What does axis VI for? |
- Global adjustment scale |
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What is required for a diagnosis to be made? |
- Symptom presentation - Criterion to make a diagnosis - History of symptoms - History of previous treatment - Differential diagnosis - Co-morbid diagnosis |
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What is the importance of diagnosis? |
- Communication - Etiology - Prognosis (info on outcome) - Treatment - Research (investigte cause and prevention) - patient (comfort of having name to problem) - Third party payment - Legal System (NCR) |
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What are the problems caused by diagnosis? |
- Labeling (discrimniation and stigmatization) - impair assessment (look for diagnosis vs understanding) - Co-morbidity - Patient reactivity (impaired functioning after diagnosis, sick mentality) - mental health professionals reactivity ( expectations as it pretains to diagnosis and prognosis) |
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Aproaches to psychopathology? |
- Categorical : Qualitative distinction, symptom absent or present - Dimentional : a matter of degree (DSM V) |
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What are issues with classification? |
- Reliability: consistnecy of results overtime (interrater reliability- sensitivity - agreement regarding present diagnosis, specificity - agrement regarding the absence of a diagnosis) - Validity: does it assess what it has been designed to assess. (construct validty: does it accurately assess the disorder in question) |
