Lecture 23 - Female Reproductive System

Front 1

What are the gonads?

Back 1

primary sex organs

Front 2

What is the primary sex organ of the female?

Back 2

ovaries

Front 3

What is the primary sex organ of the male?

Back 3

Testes

Front 4

What are the functions of the gonads?

Back 4

Produce sex cells (gametes)
- Oocyte (female) and sperm (male)
Produce Sex hormone
- estrogen progesterone and testosterone

Front 5

How do hormones affect the reproductive system?

Back 5

maturation development and activity

Front 6

How is puberty initiated?

Back 6

by the hypothalamus increasing the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Front 7

During puberty, GnRH stimulates the release of gonadotropins ____ and ____ from anterior pituitary

Back 7

FSH and LH

Front 8

FSH and LH stimulate the ___ to produce ____ _____

Back 8

gonads
sex hormones

Front 9

Increased sex hormones start the process of ____ _____ and _____ _____

Back 9

gamete maturation
sexual maturation

Front 10

What is the perineum?

Back 10

diamond shaped bordered by the pubic symphisis, ischial tuberosities and coccyx

Front 11

What is the urogenital triangle?

Back 11

Pubic symphisis to ischial tuburosities

Front 12

What is the anal triangle?

Back 12

Coccyx to ischial tuberosities

Front 13

Female anatomy

Back 13

Front 14

what is the outer covering of the ovaries called

Back 14

tunica albunginea

Front 15

what are the characteristics of the ovarian cortex

Back 15

follicles (oocytes surrounded by follicle cells)

Front 16

what are the characteristics of the ovarian medulla

Back 16

Loose connective tissue
contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves

Front 17

how many follicles are girls born with

Back 17

1.5 million

Front 18

how many follicles remain at puberty

Back 18

400,000

Front 19

what is oogenesis

Back 19

maturation of primary oocyte to secondary oocyte

Front 20

Oogenesis and follicle development

Back 20

Front 21

what are the ___ phases of the _____ day ovarian cycle

Back 21

3
28
Follicular
ovulation
luteal

Front 22

what is the main process of the follicular phase

Back 22

FSH and LH stimulate maturation of follicle and oocyte

Front 23

what is the main process of the ovulation phase

Back 23

LH surge causes expulsion of oocyte from ovary

Front 24

what happens during the luteal phase

Back 24

-Remaining follicular cells turn into corpus luteum
-Corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone, preparing uterus for possible implantation
-Corpus luteum breaks down into a while scar called corpus albicans
-Decrease in hormone release leads to menstruation

Front 25

what days of the cycle are th follicular phase

Back 25

days 1-13

Front 26

what days are the ovulation phase

Back 26

14

Front 27

what days are the luteal phase

Back 27

15-28

Front 28

what are the regions of the uterine tubes

Back 28

fimbriae
ampulla

Front 29

what is the most common site of fertilization

Back 29

ampulla

Front 30

what are the layers of the walls of the uterine tubes

Back 30

mucosa
muscularis
serosa

Front 31

what type of epithelium tissue is the mucosa layer of the walls of the uttering tube made of

Back 31

ciliated simple columnar

Front 32

what is an ectopic pregnancy

Back 32

implantation anywhere outside of the uterus

Front 33

what is a tubal pregancy

Back 33

ectopic pregnancy specifically in the uterine tube
uterine tube can't expand

Front 34

is it possible for implantation to occur in the abdominal cavity?

Back 34

yes

Front 35

where is the uterus located

Back 35

posterior and superior to the bladder

Front 36

what are the functions of the uterus

Back 36

site of implantation
support, protect and nourish the embryo and fetus

Front 37

anatomy of the uterus

Back 37

1-fundus
2-body
3-cervix
4-exernal os

Front 38

what are the risk factor of cervical cancer

Back 38

-Human papilloma virus infection
-HIV infection
-increase age

Front 39

what is a papanicolaou smear

Back 39

test to detect cervical cancer

Front 40

what are the treatments for cervical cancer

Back 40

cone biopsy
hysterecomy

Front 41

what are the ___ layers of the uterin wall

Back 41

1-perimetrium
2-myometrium
3-endometium

Front 42

what are the characteristics of the myometrium

Back 42

muscularis
three smooth muscle layers

Front 43

what are the characteristics of the endometrium

Back 43

mucosa with two layers
-stratum functional is
-shed as menses
-stratum basalis

Front 44

what are the ___ phases of the ___ day menstrual cycle

Back 44

3
28
menstrual
proliferative
secretory

Front 45

what happens during the mentrual phase of the menstrual cycle

Back 45

functional layer is sloughed

Front 46

what happens during the proliferative phase of the th menstrual cycle

Back 46

development of the functional layer

Front 47

what happens during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle

Back 47

-further vascularization of the function layer
-ferther development of uterin glands

Front 48

which phases are affected if a woman has a longer menstrual cycle

Back 48

menstrual and proliferative
secretory is always 14 days

Front 49

what is edometriosis

Back 49

-endometrium is displaced onto external surface of organs within the abdominal cavity
-displaced endometrium can still grow in response to hormones but menses cannot be shed and expelled our of vagina
-displaced endometrium causes pain, scarring and deformities

Front 50

how is endometriosis treated

Back 50

hormones or surgery

Front 51

comparison of the ovarian and uterine cycles

Back 51

Front 52

hormone levels and influences

Back 52

Front 53

what are the anatomy structures of the vagina

Back 53

Fibromuscular tube
Distensible wall
-Mucosa
-Muscularis
-Adventitia
Fornix, rugae, vaginal orifice, vestibular glands, hymen

Front 54

what are the functions of the vagina

Back 54

-birth canal
-receives penis during intercourse
-passageway for menstruation

Front 55

what's another word for the female external genitalia

Back 55

vulva

Front 56

what are the structures of the external genitalia

Back 56

Front 57

does prolactin create milk or eject milk

Back 57

creates milk

Front 58

does oxytocin create milk or eject milk

Back 58

ejects milk

Front 59

how many lobes and lactiferous ducts per breast

Back 59

10-20

Front 60

breast anatomy

Back 60

Front 61

how many women are affected by breast cancer

Back 61

1/8

Front 62

t/f men can get breast cancer

Back 62

t

Front 63

what are the risk factors of breast cancer

Back 63

genetic influences
-family history
-breast cancer genes
increased exposer to estrogen over a long period
- early menarche with late menopause
- never having been pregnant

Front 64

best way to prevent or survive breast cancer.....

Back 64

early diagnosis
- self exam
- mammogram

Front 65

when does menopause usualy occur

Back 65

between the ages of 45-55

Front 66

what are the characteristics of menopause

Back 66

Cessation of ovulation and menstruation
Circulating levels of estrogen and progesterone decline
Reduction in size of uterus and breasts
Bone mass declines