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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are risk factors for Hepatitis B, C, G, and Delta Virus
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Carriers in acute process, health care workers, transfusions, dialysis, sexual partners, morticians, tatoos, IV drug users.
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What are risk factors for Hepatitis A and E?
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Infected food, water, and milk, raw shellfish, children < 15, poor sanitation, fall/early winter, person-person, day care, prison, work with animals.
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What hepatitis viruses are passes via blood?
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Hepatitis C and Delta Virus.
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What hepatitis viruses are passed via body fluids?
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Hepatitis B and G.
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What hepatitis viruses are passes via oral fecal route?
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Hepatitis A, C, and E.
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What virus co=exists with Hepatitis B?
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The Delta Virus.
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What is the main prevention of Hepatitis?
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Hand hygeine.
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In which Hepatitis Virus has neither an antigen or antibody been found?
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Hepatitis C.
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Which Hepatitis viruses are DNA viruses?
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Hepatits B
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Which Hepatitis virus is an RNA flavivirus?
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Hepatitis G.
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Which Hepatits virus is an RNA virus?
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Delta virus.
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Which Hepatitis viruses have a low mortality rate?
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Hepatitis A and E.
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What are symptoms found in all hepatitis viruses?
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Jaundice, liver inflammation, lethargy, irritability, myalgia, fever, arthralgia, anorexia, n/v/d, abd pain, const, pruritis, dark urine, clay stools, hepatic encephalopathy.
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Define epedimic.
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A wide spread (by population and geography) outbreak of infectious disease or condition.
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Define epidemiology.
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Sudy of the causes, distribution, treatment, and control of diseases in population.
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What are some diseases that are of concern world wide?
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Influenza, HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria, ebola, cholera, hepatitis.
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What are some diseases that are of concern in the USA?
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Influenza, MRSA, VRE, ecoli, TB, hepatitis, polio, pneumonia, STI.
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What are some diseases that are of concern in MN?
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Lymes, influenza, HIV, hepatitis, STI, west nile, meningitis.
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What are some diseases that are of concern in the twin cities?
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Lymes, hepatits, STIs, HIV/AIDS.
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Define papular.
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Less than 1 cm, raised, fluid filled.
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Why culture blood and CSF when testing to find a causative agent?
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See how systemic the agent is, if it is in the CSF it tells that the agent can pass the blood/brain barrier.
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What is the most lethal of infectious diseases?
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Anthrax.
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What is Anthrax?
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A noncommunicable disease caused by infection with Bacillus anthracis.
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Is Anthrax spore forming?
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Yes.
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What are 4 types of Anthrax?
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Cutaneous, GI, oropharyngeal, and inhalation.
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Descrive cutaneous Anthrax.
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Most common and least lethal. Lesions, black deep w/eschar.
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Where is Anthrax found?
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In dirt.
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Where is Anthrax contracted from?
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Spores or animals.
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What is the duration from exposure to Anthrax to eschar?
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10 days.
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Is there a vaccine for Anthrax?
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Yes, but stored for use in bioterroristic threats.
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What antibiotics are used to treat all types of Anthrax?
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Cipro, doxycycline, clindamycin, and penacillin.
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Describe GI Anthrax.
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Rare. Incubation 7-10 days. N/v, anorexia, bloody diarrhea, results in death.
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What is the course of GI Anthrax?
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Ascities, abdominal pain, shock and then death in 1 week.
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Describe oropharyngeal antrhax.
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Bloody sputum, extensive swelling of the neck and chest wall, airway issues, fever, sever sore throat, anorexia, dyshpasia.
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Describe inhalation anthrax.
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Dispnea, diaphoresis, chest pain, flu like symptoms, profound night sweats.
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In the case of inhalation anthrax, where does the organism reside?
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In the lymphnodes.
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What is the appearance of a chest x-ray of a person with inhalation anthrax?
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It will be clear.
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What differences will be seen on an x-ray of a person with inhalation anthrax?
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The medial stinal area will be wider and bigger.
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What is the signifying characteristic of inhalation anthrax?
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Once treated, the patient will rally only to go into phase 2 and die.
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How does Cipro destroy anthrax?
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It stops DNA replication.
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How does Clindamycin help with the treatment of Anthrax?
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It destroys the endotoxins that are released from the spores.
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What is the infectious disease nurses responsability when dealing with a patient?
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Set precautions, educate, report it, prevent further exposure, track progress.
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What is TB?
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Airborn and communicable. 2nd causes of death in the world.
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What is the duration from exposure to positive mantoux?
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2-10 days.
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How is TB transmitted?
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Air and person to person with repeated close contact.
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What causes TB?
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M. tuberculosis
Tubercle bacilli |
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List the symptoms of latent/primary TB.
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No symptoms, asympotomatic.
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Why might a person not know that that they were attacked by TB.
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Their immune system fought it off with no symptoms.
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Will Latent TB show a positive mantoux?
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Yes, indicating exposure.
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What happens when a person gets TB disease?
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The immune system cannot fight of the bacteria and the person will contract the disease.
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Who is at greatest risk for TB?
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People with compromised immune systems. HIV/AIDS, taking steroids, chemotherapy, transplant recipients.
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What happens in the lungs when infected with TB?
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The body encapsulates the cell and works on the DNA. The cell becomes cheesy and then liquifies, effecting the alveoli resulting in calcification.
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What are the symptoms of TB disease?
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Hemoptysis, bloody frothy cough, night sweats.
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Define hemoptysis.
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Coughing up blood from the respiratory tract.
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What is a common side effect of all TB medications?
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Hepatotoxicity.
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What is the most common form of smallpox?
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Major.
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What medications are most common in treating TB?
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Isoniazid (INH) and rifampin.
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Which acid/base condition is present with TB?
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Respiratory acidosis.
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Why is TB a world danger?
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Because of the new MDR-TB.
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How is smallpox spread?
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Person to person or by droplet.
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Where do lesions start once infected with smallpox?
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Around the mouth.
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How long until the whole body is covered with lesions once exposed to smallpox?
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24 hrs.
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At what age does one get the chickenpox vaccine?
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12 months and 5 years.
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Define pandemic.
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An epidemic over a wide geographical area.
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What are some characteristics of smallpox?
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Incubation of 1-3 weeks, pocks present on palms and soles of feet, pocks are buried deep in the dermis.
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What are some characteristics of chickenpox?
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Incubation of 2-3 weeks, pocks most numerous on trunk not on palms or soles of feet, pocks are superficial.
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What is the only way to prevent smallpox?
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Vaccine.
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Why is influenza most worried about world wide?
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Because it is readily around us.
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Describe the Avian flu.
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Virulent and passed from bird to human and then human to human.
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How is influenza prevented?
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Vaccines, washing hands, covering your cough.
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Is there a vaccine for the Avian flu?
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No, there is not.
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How is H1N1 transmitted?
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From sick swine to human and then human to human.
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