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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Codons
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group of 3 nucleotides that specify one amino acid
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Reading Frame
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Where decoding begins. 3 reading frames for each strand
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tRNA
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- adapter molecule
- bind to codon - anticodon - |
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anticodon
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- codon on tRNA that base pairs with mRNA codon
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Charging tRNAs
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amino acid is bound to it by Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases using ATP
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Parts of Ribosome
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- RNA and proteins
- Large Subunit - Small subunit - E-site; P-site; A-site |
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rRNAs
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- give ribosome overall shape
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initiation
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- initiator tRNA carries methionine
- loaded into a small ribosomal subunit and translation initiation factors - starting at cap, subunit moves along RNA until AUG is found |
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elongation
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- polypeptide build
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termination
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- stop codon pairs to mRNA
- release factors alters the activity, catalyzing a water molecule to peptidyl tRNA instead of amino acid |
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mRNA with multiple ribosomes
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- makes protein faster
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Large subunit
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- catalyzes formation of peptide bonds
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Small subunit
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- matches tRNA to codons
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E-site
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tRNA is ejected
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P-site
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amino acid is added to chain
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A-site
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tRNA enters by base pairing with mRNA
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Life of Protein (Proteolysis)
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- break down of amino acids with proteases enzymes
- when proteins are old or damaged - covalently links with uniquitin and marked for destruction |
