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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two major arms of the immune system?
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Adaptive and innate
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What is the basic role of B lymphocytes?
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They have receptors for particular antigens. They bind them and release antibodies in response.
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What are three types of T cells? What is the function of each?
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T helper cells --> Provide help in the form of secreted cytokines or cell-cell interactions (to B, Tc, and macrophages)
T cytotoxic cells --> Kill infected cells by lysis T regulatory cells --> maintain self-tolerance |
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What are the three main cells of teh innate immune system? What is the basic function of each?
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Naturak killer (NK) cells --> Cytotoxic to tumors and virally-infected cells
Monocyte/macrophage --> Phagocytic, antigen presentation Dendritic cells --> Antigen presentation |
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The T helper cells release cytokines. What are three effects of these cytokines?
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1. Activation of T and B lymphocytes
2. Activation of macrophages 3. Inflammation |
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What cells of the innate immune system are anti-parasitic?
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Mast cells, basophils
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What are the phagocytic cells of the innate immune system?
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Monocyte/macrophage, neutrophils, eosinophils
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Define: (1) hematopoiesis, (2) lymphopoeises, (3) erythropoieses
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(1) Process of maturation of blood cells
(2) Maturation of T and B lymphocytes (3) Maturation of red blood cells |
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What type of cell gives rise to all of the cells of the innate immune system? The lymphocytes?
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Lymphocytes come from lymphoid progenitor cells; innate immune system cells come from myeloid progenitor cells
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What six types of cell come from myeloid progenitor cells?
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1. Erythrocytes
2. Platelets 3. Basophils 4. Eosinophils 5. Neutrophils 6. Monocytes |
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What type of chemical factor regulates hematopoiesis? Where does hematopoiesis occur?
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Cytokines; hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow
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What are the two types of hematopoietic stem cells?
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1. Self-renewing
2. Pluripotent |
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What does HSC stand for?
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Hematopoietic stem cell
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When a microbe invades, what important interaction occurs between innate system cells and helper T cells?
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The innate immune system cells phagocytose the microbe. They then present its antigens. Helper T cells respond to the presented antigens, making things happen via cytokines.
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What are four functions of the cytokines released by T helper cells?
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1. Make APCs eat bad stuff and present it more efficiently
2. Make helper T cells multiple 3. Make B cells produce antibodies 4. Make cytotoxic T cells release antibodies |
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What are the primary lymphoid organs? How are these defined?
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Primary lymphoid organs are where immune cells originate. They area:
1. Bone marrow 2. Thymus |
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What are the secondary lymphoid organs? How are these defined?
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Secondary lymphoid organs bring together pathogens and the immune system. These are:
1. Lymphatics (nodes, ducts) 2. Spleen |
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ON TEST: Where do the hematopoietic cells mature?
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All mature in the bone marrow EXCEPT the T cells, which mature in the thymus
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Where do blood cells originate in the adult? A baby? Any exceptions?
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In the adult, all blood cells originate in the bone marrow. In the baby they originate in the liver.
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Where do the T cells mature? When they first enter this region, what are they called? What happens to most of the T cells released from the bone marrow? Why?
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Thymus. Called thymocytes. Most of these cells (95 %) die. This prevents self-reactivity.
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What is the function of the lymphatic system?
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Trap antigens, initiate immune responses.
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Where is lymph fluid seen outside of the traditional lymph node/vessel system?
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The blood; there is the lymph fluid compartment of the blood plasma. This seeps across the capillary walls and either returns to the blood or enters lymphatics vessels.
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What is the function of lymph nodes?
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Collect fluids from tissues; promote antigen presentation to T helper cells
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What are the functions of the spleen?
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1. Collect antigens from blood
2. Similar role to lymph nodes 3. Also involved in the disposal of RBCs |
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What are the two major spleen substances we discussed? What is the role of each?
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Red and white pulp.
Red pulp --> Red blood cells are disposed White pulp --> Lymphocytes |
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What is MALT? Where is it located?
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MALT = Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue. Protects mucosal surfaces, respiratory epithelia
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What is GALT? Where is it seen?
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GALT = Gut associated lymphoid tissue. Tonsils, adenoids, appendix, Peyer's patches of small intestine.
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